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随着西方性别研究和明清女性研究的发展,男性特质成为西方明清研究的重要视角。第一阶段(20世纪80年代末至2001年间)明清男性特质研究以反本质化为立场,分析部分男性群体对传统男性角色的偏离,以打破社会性别与生理性别的本质联系。第二阶段(2002年至今)研究以反同质化为立场,揭示明清男性特质的多样建构及父权制的运作方式。对社会性别权力关系讨论的不足是明清男性特质研究的主要问题。明清男性特质研究需要利用男性对女性的拥有权、女性主体性和男性同性社交欲望等概念,以深入考察社会性别权力关系,更好地实现批判父权制的目标。
With the development of western gender studies and the study of women in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the male trait has become an important perspective of Western studies in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the first phase (from the late 1980s to the end of 2001), the research on masculinity of the Ming and Qing Dynasties turned anti-essentialism into a position to analyze the deviation of some male groups from the traditional masculine characters so as to break the essential relationship between gender and physiology. The second phase (from 2002 to now) researches anti-homogenization as a standpoint to reveal the diverse construction of masculinity in the Ming and Qing dynasties and how the patriarchy operates. The lack of discussion on the relationship of gender power is the main issue of the research on masculinity of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The research on masculinity of the Ming and Qing dynasties needs to make use of the concepts of male ownership of women, female subjectivity and male same-sex social desire, so as to further examine the relationship of gender power and better realize the goal of criticizing patriarchy.