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疟疾是一种很常见危害性很大的传染性寄生虫病。但美洲却独有能抗疟退烧祛病的金鸡纳树(皮)。印第安人率先发现了这一秘密,到17世纪20年代,在美洲的欧洲人也知晓了这个秘密。他们于17世纪30年代把金鸡纳树皮作为药材传入欧洲。在罗马教皇、天主教会和耶稣会士的支持和倡导下,服用有特效的金鸡纳树皮治疟渐渐瓦解了习惯守旧势力的抵制和各种偏见,传播开来。欧洲各国开始向南美洲派遣科考队(组)去寻找、认识、考察、调查金鸡纳树林。随着金鸡纳树皮的需求量大增,野生金鸡纳树资源开始萎缩。欧洲人遂开始大规模引种移植。其栽培地是南亚和东南亚的热带亚热带地区的林场和种植园。历经各种磨难和挫折,欧洲人的移植引种行动一步步取得成功。19世纪10年代,葡萄牙医学家从金鸡纳树皮中分离出金鸡宁,几年后法国化学家又从树皮中分离出奎宁。这些现代抗疟西药的出现大大方便了疟疾的临床治疗。到19世纪末,亚洲种植园的树皮产量已占绝对优势。19世纪末20世纪初,医学家们发现和揪出了疟疾致病的罪魁疟原虫,弄清了疟疾通过按蚊叮咬而传播的路径,为大规模防疟开辟了道路。20世纪中叶以降,药学家们相继研制成功阿的平、氯喹、青蒿素等抗疟新药。金鸡纳—奎宁在抗疟战线独尊的地位才降为与它们平分秋色。17世纪末,金鸡纳树皮传入中国,旋即被接纳为传统中药材。其西药成药金鸡纳霜(奎宁)发明后不久也传入中国,但国内解放前一直无奎宁生产。金鸡纳树皮和奎宁撑住了中西抗疟大局几百年,至今仍是抗疟主力药物之一。
Malaria is a very common and highly contagious parasitic disease. But the Americas are unique anti-malarial illnesses of cinchona tree (skin). Indians first discovered the secret, and by the 1720s Europeans in the Americas knew the secret. They introduced cinchona bark into Europe as medicinal herbs in the 1730s. With the support and advocacy of the Pope, the Catholic Church and the Jesuits, taking cacti with special effects of cinchona bark gradually dissolved the boycott and prejudices of the customary conservative forces and spread them. European countries began to send expedition teams (groups) to South America to find, recognize, investigate and investigate cinchona forests. As the demand for cinchona bark increases dramatically, wild cinchona resources begin to shrink. Europeans began large-scale introduction of transplantation. It is cultivated as a tree farm and plantation in the tropical and subtropical regions of South and Southeast Asia. After all kinds of hardships and setbacks, the European transplant transplant operation succeeded step by step. In the 1810s, Portuguese physicians isolated jinjin from the bark of cinchona and several years later French chemists isolated quinine from the bark. The emergence of these modern anti-malarial drugs has greatly facilitated the clinical treatment of malaria. By the end of the 19th century, the output of barks in Asian plantations had an absolute advantage. In the late 19th century and the early 20th century, medical scientists discovered and uncovered the malaria parasite pathogenic malaria parasite, clarified the path of malaria transmitted by anopheles bites and opened the way for large-scale malaria prevention. By the middle of the 20th century, pharmacists succeeded in developing new anti-malarial drugs such as chlorfluazuron and artemisinin. Cijinatown - quinine in the anti-malarial front position only reduced to their equal shares with them. At the end of the 17th century, cinchona bark introduced into China and was immediately accepted as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Its western medicine drug cinchona cream (quinine) was also introduced to China soon after its invention, but before the liberation there was no quinine production. Cinchona bark and quinine to sustain the overall situation of Chinese and Western anti-malarial centuries, is still one of the main anti-malaria drugs.