The effect of apatite nanoparticles on proliferation potential and biological behaviour of the human hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro were investigated. After the treatment of Bel- 7402 hepatocellular carcinoma cells with apatite nanoparticles at a concentration of 5 × 10-4 mmol/ L for 4days, Feulgen and AgNOR stain were conducted and the specimens were observed by microscope. The DNA and AgNOR were quantified with image analysis techniques. It was found that there was a significant decrease of the DNA content (58.62 ± 6.52) in the nanoparticles treated group compared to the control (78.21 ± 4.17). It was further found that there was a decrease in the number of AgNOR granules in the nanoparticle treated group (7.41 ± 1.02) compared to the control group (9.95± 0.28). The experimental results showed that apatite nanoparticles could decrease the DNA reproductive activity and the rRNA synthesis in Bel-7402 hepatocellular carcinoma cells.