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The aim of this article was to study the influence of immunity function of advanced malignant obstructive jaundice(MOJ)treated by percutaneous transhepatic biliary extal and intal drainage.Ninety-six cases of MOJ were divided into two groups according to the different ways of biliary drainage.Fifty-two extal drainage tubes were placed in 41 cases of percutaneous transhepatic biliary extal drainage group and 66 metal stents were placed in 55 cases of percutaneous transhepatic biliary intal drainage group.Liver function,serum TNF-α and cellular function were examined one day before operation and one week after operation and liver function was re-examined two weeks after operation,in order to observe the change and analyze the association among them and compare with the control group.All patients’ conditions were improved after operation.In the percutaneous transhepatic biliary extal and intal drainage groups,the total level of bilirubin decreased from(343.54±105.56)μmol/L and(321.19±110.50)μmol/L to(290.56±103.46)μmol/L and(283.72±104.95)μmol/L after operation respectively,which were significantly lower than pre-operation(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)of all patients one week after operation was significantly lower than that before operation.TNFin percutaneous transhepatic biliary extal and intal groups decreased from(108.58±19.95)pg/mL,(109.98±16.24)pg/mL of pre-operation to(104.32±19.59)pg/mL,(83.92±13.43)pg/mL of post-operation respectively,there was notable improvement(P＜0.01)in intal drainage group after operation.Patients’ serum CD4,CD3 and CD4/CD8 were notably increased,but CD8 was notably decreased (P＜0.05).There was no difference in extal drainage group (P＞0.05).There was a significant difference between the two groups.Serum TNF-α and ALT had positive correlation.Percutaneous transhepatic biliary intal or extal drainage was an effective and important method to treat MOJ.Patients’ immune function was weak when they suffered MOJ,but body’s cellular immune function can be notably improved after intal biliary drainage.