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一、深圳水利建设与管理体制改革的紧迫性 深圳经过13年的建设和发展,现已由一个人口 30多万、工农业总产值仅1.75亿元的边陲城镇发展成为一座拥有近300万人口、工农业总产值达400多亿元的现代化都市。在深圳社会经济超高速、超常规发展的同时,水利、电力、交通、通讯等基础产业的投资和发展却严重滞后,成为制约社会经济发展的“瓶颈“。水是人类社会赖以生存的物质要素,但长期以来,由于受传统经济思想和计划经济体制的束缚和制约,人们始终将水利作为一种福利事业对待,不承认水是商品,实行政府一揽子包下来的办法办水利。随着经济体制改革的深入和市场体制的建立,传统的水利建设与管理模式弊端日趋明显,水利必须与市场接轨。 在特区建设的第一个十年间,深圳经济的发展每年都以40％的速度增长,早已突破了原计划1990年人口 70万、工农业总产值60亿的发展规模,引起了用水的急剧增加。这期间,全市用水量平均每年递增46％,10年增长了43倍,其中1990年全市缺水达2.98亿立方米。1991年深圳缺水更加严重,当时特区日需水最低限额为60万吨,实际供水能力仅为50万吨。到8月份,日实际供水下降到35万吨,全市受缺水影响
I. Urgency of the reform of the water conservancy construction and management system in Shenzhen After 13 years of construction and development, Shenzhen has now grown from a border town with a population of more than 300,000 and a total industrial and agricultural output value of only 175 million yuan to a population of nearly 3 million. The industrial and agricultural output value reached more than 400 billion yuan in modern cities. While Shenzhen’s socio-economic development is extremely high-speed and unconventional, the investment and development of basic industries such as water conservancy, electricity, transportation, and communications are lagging behind and have become “bottleneck” restricting socio-economic development. Water is the material factor for human society to survive, but for a long time, due to the constraints and constraints of traditional economic thoughts and planned economic systems, people have always treated water as a welfare business. They did not recognize water as a commodity and implemented a government package. The way to do water conservancy. With the deepening of the reform of the economic system and the establishment of the market system, the drawbacks of the traditional water conservancy construction and management modes have become increasingly apparent, and water resources must be brought into line with the market. During the first decade of the construction of the Special Zone, Shenzhen’s economic growth has grown at a rate of 40% every year. It has already exceeded the original planned 1990 population of 700,000 and the industrial and agricultural output value of 6 billion in the scale of development, causing a dramatic increase in water use. . During this period, the city’s water consumption increased by an average of 46% per year, an increase of 43 times in 10 years, of which the total water shortage in the city reached 298 million cubic meters in 1990. In 1991, the water shortage in Shenzhen was even more severe. At that time, the minimum daily water requirement in the SAR was 600,000 tons, and the actual water supply capacity was only 500,000 tons. By August, the actual water supply in Japan fell to 350,000 tons, and the city was affected by water shortages.