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研究持续施用不同种缓/控释尿素肥料对棕壤水田基本化学性质、与氮转化相关酶以及微生物量等生物学活性的影响。采用7 a连续施用不同种缓/控释尿素肥料的水田定位试验,试验处理为单施尿素(U),添加脲酶抑制剂N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)、氢醌(HQ),硝化抑制剂3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)、双氰胺(DCD)制成不同种缓释尿素肥料,以及硫包膜尿素肥料(SCU)和树脂包膜尿素肥料(PCU)。持续7 a施用缓/控释尿素肥料后,棕壤水田土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效氮、有效磷呈下降趋势,速效钾、p H值呈上升趋势。SCU、PCU、HQ+DCD+U和NBPT+DMPP+U的铵态氮(NH4+-N)含量显著高于U,SCU、PCU和未施肥处理的硝态氮(NO3--N)含量显著高于U。未施肥处理和U的土壤脲酶活性低于其他的处理,PCU和SCU土壤硝化作用潜势大于其他处理。未施肥、HQ+U、HQ+DCD+U、NBPT+DMPP+U、PCU和SCU处理土壤硝酸还原酶活性高于U。持续施用缓/控释尿素肥料对土壤微生物量碳含量影响不大,未施肥处理土壤微生物量氮最高,持续施用缓/控释尿素肥料降低了棕壤水田土壤微生物活性。综合考虑土壤化学性质和土壤生物活性以及水田这个特殊环境,在棕壤水田中持续7 a施用SCU与PCU尿素肥料作用效果好于其他尿素肥料。
The effects of continuous application of different kinds of slow / controlled release urea fertilizer on the basic chemical properties of brown paddy field and the biological activity of nitrogen-related enzymes and microbial biomass were studied. The paddy field locating test was carried out for 7 consecutive days with different kinds of slow / controlled release urea fertilizers. The treatment was urea (U) alone, urease inhibitor N-butyl thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), hydroquinone ), Nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), dicyandiamide (DCD) made of different kinds of slow release urea fertilizer, and sulfur coated urea fertilizer (SCU) and resin coated urea fertilizer (PCU). The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen and available phosphorus in brown paddy soil decreased with the application of slow / controlled release urea fertilizer for 7 days, and the available potassium and p H values showed an upward trend. The content of ammonium nitrogen (NH4 + -N) in SCU, PCU, HQ + DCD + U and NBPT + DMPP + U was significantly higher than that of U, SCU, PCU and no fertilizer At U. Urease activity of soil without U fertilization and U soil was lower than other treatments, and soil nitrification potential of PCU and SCU was higher than other treatments. Soil nitrate reductase activity was higher than that of U, HQ + U, HQ + DCD + U, NBPT + DMPP + U, PCU and SCU treatments. Sustained application of slow / controlled release urea fertilizer had little effect on soil microbial biomass carbon, and soil microbial biomass nitrogen was the highest when no fertilizer was applied. Continuous application of slow / controlled release urea fertilizer decreased soil microbial activity in brownfield soil. Considering the chemical properties of soil and biological activities of soils and the special environment of paddy fields, the application of SCU and PCU urea fertilizers for 7 days in brown paddy field was better than other urea fertilizers.