文章基于Melitz异质性企业理论,利用1998~2007年中国制造业企业数据构建计量模型,基于省份、行业、地区层面数据检验了铁路提速对我国出口企业生产率分布的影响。研究结果表明,铁路提速会显著影响出口企业生产率分布,铁路运行时间的缩短会导致各省份和各行业出口企业的生产率分布集中度减小。在考虑了行业与地区差异以及引入控制变量等因素后,铁路提速后的生产率分布比提速前更加分散这一结论仍然是稳健的。 Based on the Melitz Heterogeneous Enterprise Theory, this paper constructs the econometric model based on the data of Chinese manufacturing enterprises from 1998 to 2007 and tests the effect of railway speed-increasing on the productivity distribution of Chinese export enterprises based on the data of provinces, industries and regions. The results show that the speeding up of railways will significantly affect the productivity distribution of export enterprises and the shortening of railway running time will result in a decrease in the concentration distribution of the productivity of export enterprises in all provinces and industries. Taking into account the industry and regional differences and the introduction of control variables and other factors, the railway after the acceleration of productivity distribution more rapid than before the conclusion of the dispersion is still robust.