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初中语文课本《陈涉世家》有言:“广故数言欲亡,忿恚尉,令辱之,以激怒其众。尉果笞广。尉剑挺,广起,夺而杀尉。陈胜佐之,并杀两尉。”对该句中的“剑挺”,课本解释为“剑拔出鞘”,笔者以为不妥。理由有三:①尉“笞广”,即已对广实施了鞭刑,证明他尚未起杀广之心,如果有杀心,何不先拔剑而杀广?②如果剑是被尉拔出鞘的,剑把子应当是被尉攥在手里,赤手空拳的吴广岂能轻易夺到?更何况吴广倘若搏斗夺剑,也一定需要一些时间,另一名尉岂能袖手旁观,坐观同伴被夺剑而杀?③这一解释语法上有问题。“剑挺”释为“剑拔出鞘”,“尉剑挺”则为“尉剑拔出鞘”。“尉剑拔出鞘”到底是“尉的剑”拔出鞘,还是“尉/剑拔出鞘”,即尉是主语,“剑拔出鞘”是谓语?若为前者,“尉剑”是一对直接成分,注释显然破坏了结构层次;若为后者,则不合古汉语句法规则。按古汉语句法应说成“尉以剑挺”之类的句子。由此可见,这一解释是错误的。其解释依据大概出自《说文解字·手部》:“挺,拔也。”《唐睢不辱使命》中“挺剑而起”的“挺”便是“拔”之意。
The junior high school language textbook “Chenshe’s Family” said: “Widely, the word is dying, blasphemy, and insulting to provoke the crowd. The result is a wide range. , and kill two.“ In the sentence of ”Jian Ting“, the textbook was interpreted as ”the sword pulled out of the sheath,“ the author thought it was wrong. There are three reasons: 1 尉 笞 笞 笞 ” , 即 即 即 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 即 即 即 已 已 已 已 已 已 已 已 已 已 已 已 已 已 已 已 已 已 已In addition, Wu Guangshen, an unarmed and unarmed player, can be easily captured. What’s more, if Wu Guang is fighting to win the sword, he will certainly need some time. Another player can stand by and watch his companions win the sword. There is a problem with the grammar of killing 3 . ”Jing Ting“ was interpreted as ”Sword pulled out of the sheath,“ and ”Yan Jian Ting“ was ”Shao Jian pulling out the sheath.“ ”Wonderful sword pulls out the sheath“ in the end is the ”sword of the dragonfly“ pull out the sheath, or ”pull/sword pulls out the sheath“, ie the skeleton is the subject, ”the sword is pulled out of the sheath“ is the predicate? If it is the former, ”the sword of the dragonfly“ It is a pair of direct components. The annotation obviously destroys the structural level; if the latter, it is not compatible with the ancient Chinese syntax rules. According to the ancient Chinese syntax, it should be said that the sentence is ”Yi Jianjian“. This shows that this explanation is wrong. The basis for its interpretation is probably from the ”Shuowenjiezi hand“: ”Ting, pull also.“ ”Tang 睢 辱 blaming the mission,“ ”Ting up“ ”Ting“ is ”pull" meaning.