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本文对1977年1月至1997年12月新生儿病房和新生儿重症监护中心所有死亡病例进行了分析。资料显示,住院新生儿病死率从10.78%显著下降到2.21%。1997年与1977~1981年段比较下降3/4以上,与1992~1996年段比较下降1/3以上。早产儿占死亡人数的34.67%,生后7天内新生儿占死亡人数的59.50%。从死因构成比看,冷损伤综合征逐年段显著下降,出生窒息近6年下降明显。新生儿败血症、肺炎等感染性疾病上下波动,仍占有相当大的比例。先天畸形和肺透明膜病有上升趋势。21年来医疗质量有了很大提高,但国产期保健仍需进一步提高,要大力发展胎儿医学,重视对儿科医生治疗肺透明膜病的培训。
This article analyzes all deaths in neonatal wards and neonatal intensive care centers from January 1977 to December 1997. Data show that in-hospital neonatal mortality decreased significantly from 10.78% to 2.21%. In 1997 and 1977 ~ 1981 compared with the decline of more than 3/4, compared with 1992-1996 period down more than 1/3. Premature children accounted for 34.67% of the deaths, neonatal deaths within 7 days after birth accounted for 59.50%. From the constitutional ratio of death, cold injury syndrome significantly decreased year by year, birth asphyxia decreased significantly in recent 6 years. Neonatal sepsis, pneumonia and other infectious diseases fluctuate, still occupy a considerable proportion. Congenital malformations and hyaline membrane disease have an upward trend. In the past 21 years, the quality of medical care has been greatly improved. However, domestic-based health care needs to be further improved. Fetal medicine should be vigorously developed and training for pediatricians on hyaline membrane disease should be emphasized.