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目的了解劳保制鞋有机溶剂作业对女工健康的影响,探讨保护女工健康的策略。方法从高密市66家劳保制鞋企业中选择直接接触有机溶剂的355名女工作为接触组,从2家食品加工企业中选择年龄、性别具有可比性的403名女工作为对照组,对其健康状况、月经及外周血象情况进行比较。结果作业场所中苯平均浓度为(5.85±11.90)mg/m3,甲苯平均浓度为(30.63±31.53)mg/m3,二甲苯平均浓度为(2.52±0.64)mg/m3,正己烷平均浓度为(41.46±72.75)mg/m3,丙酮平均浓度为(25.55±43.11)mg/m3,乙酸乙酯平均浓度为(9.28±11.14)mg/m3。接触组女工头痛、头晕、疲乏无力、失眠或多梦、咽痛、咳嗽、手足麻木、月经周期延长、月经持续时间延长、月经量减少、痛经等症状体征的发生率均高于对照组,且外周血中白细胞、中性粒细胞、红细胞和血小板的绝对平均值均低于对照组。结论劳保制鞋有机溶剂作业对女工的神经系统、血液系统、月经等有较强的损害作用,应加强对作业人员的职业卫生健康教育,加强个人防护。
Objective To understand the effect of labor-based organic solvents on the health of women workers and to explore strategies to protect the health of women workers. Methods A total of 355 women workers directly contacted with organic solvents were selected from 66 labor-security and shoe-making enterprises in Gaomi as contact group, and 403 female workers with comparable age and gender were selected as the control group from two food processing enterprises. Health status, menstrual and peripheral blood conditions were compared. Results The average concentration of benzene in the workplace was (5.85 ± 11.90) mg / m3, the average concentration of toluene was (30.63 ± 31.53) mg / m3 and the average concentration of xylene was (2.52 ± 0.64) 41.46 ± 72.75) mg / m3, the average concentration of acetone was (25.55 ± 43.11) mg / m3 and the average concentration of ethyl acetate was (9.28 ± 11.14) mg / m3. The incidence of headache, dizziness, fatigue, insomnia or dreams, sore throat, cough, numbness of hands and feet, prolonged menstrual cycle, prolonged menstrual period, decreased menstrual flow, dysmenorrhea and other symptoms were all higher in the contact group than those in the control group The absolute mean values of white blood cells, neutrophils, erythrocytes and platelets in peripheral blood were lower than those in the control group. Conclusion Labor-protection shoes organic solvents work on female workers nervous system, blood system, menstruation and so on have a stronger role in injury, should strengthen the occupational health and education of workers, and strengthen personal protection.