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目前世界上使用的农药有500多种,常用的有重金属农药、有机氯农药、有机磷农药等。随着农药的大批广泛应用,除给农业生产较大效益外,也给人类带来了一定的危害——污染了环境,对人体不同程度的毒性以及某些农药的致癌性或潜致癌性。 重金属农药主要的有汞制剂、砷制剂及酮制剂等。这类农药高效、剧毒、高残留,并可通过呼吸,食物链进入人体危害健康。职业病调查发现长期接触砷制剂的人,除砷中毒外并可致皮肤癌,此外,其肺癌死亡率亦明显上升。 有机磷农药常用的有甲基对硫磷,甲基内吸磷,敌百虫,敌敌畏、乐果等,这类农药高效、大部分有剧毒和拌发性,可通过人的皮肤、呼吸道粘膜被吸收乃至中毒,引起神经系统的中毒症状。 我国目前使用农药中有60％是有机氯农药,其中六六六,滴滴涕用量最大,次之是氯丹、七氯、狄氏
At present, there are more than 500 kinds of pesticides used in the world. Commonly used are heavy metal pesticides, organochlorine pesticides, and organophosphorus pesticides. With the widespread use of a large number of pesticides, in addition to the greater benefits of agricultural production, but also brought certain harm to humans - pollution of the environment, the degree of toxicity to the human body and the carcinogenicity or potential carcinogenicity of certain pesticides. Heavy metal pesticides mainly include mercury preparations, arsenic preparations, and ketone preparations. These pesticides are highly effective, highly toxic, and have high residue levels. They can breathe through the food chain and enter the body to endanger health. Occupational disease survey found that people who have been exposed to arsenic for a long time may suffer from arsenic poisoning and may develop skin cancer. In addition, the mortality rate of lung cancer is also significantly increased. Organophosphorous pesticides commonly used methyl parathion, methyl absorption, trichlorfon, dichlorvos, dimethoate, etc., these pesticides are highly effective, most highly toxic and mixed, can pass through the human skin, respiratory tract The mucous membranes are absorbed and even poisoned, causing symptoms of poisoning in the nervous system. 60% of pesticides currently used in China are organochlorine pesticides, among which 666 and DDT are the largest, followed by chlordane, heptachlor and Dichlorine.