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2008年1月至2月,我国南方发生了严重的冰雪灾害,受害的森林地面达2.09×106km2。为了了解冰雪灾害对杉木的损害和由此引起的林地养分分布特点,作者调查粤北一个杉木林地的受害情况。冻雨在杉木枝叶上形成冰柱,造成所有的林木折冠。林木折断的高度和胸径呈显著相关。树冠残体的养分总浓度随残体组分而变化,呈理叶>皮>枝>干。树冠残体的干重达19.11t·hm-2,枝、树干、叶和皮分别占37%、28%、27%和8%。2008年树冠残体的养分分布随组分而急剧变化,其中叶的养分量占残体养分总量的70%,枝、干和皮分别占13%、7%和10%。2008年杉木林地的N、P、K 的积累量为105067.9 t·hm-2,杉木残体、凋落物和土壤分别占0.18%、0.03%和99.79%。养分积累量在树冠残体各组分和凋落物中的排序为N>K>P,而在土壤中为K>N>P。2009年的凋落物中N和P浓度大于2008年的凋落物,而K浓度小于后者。2009年的干和皮残体中N和P浓度略大于2008年的干和皮残体,而K浓度正好相反。2009年的干和皮残体中的N和P储量与2008年接近,K储量略小于后者。2009年的凋落物中N、P和K储量大于2008年的凋落物。图1表5参38。
From January to February 2008, a severe snow disaster occurred in the south of our country, with 2.09 × 106km2 of forest land damaged. In order to understand the damage caused by the snow disaster and the distribution of nutrients in the forest, the author investigated the damage of a fir forest in northern Guangdong. The freezing rain formed icicles on the branches and leaves of fir, causing all the trees to fold. The height of tree breakage was significantly correlated with DBH. The total nutrient content of the crown decay varies with the residual components, showing that leaves> bark> branch> stem. The dry weight of the canopy debris reached 19.11 t · hm-2, and the branches, trunks, leaves and hides accounted for 37%, 28%, 27% and 8% respectively. The distribution of nutrient contents in crown remnant varied sharply with composition in 2008, of which leaves accounted for 70% of the total nutrients and 13%, 7% and 10% of the total nutrients, respectively. In 2008, the accumulation of N, P and K in Chinese fir plantation was 105067.9 t · hm-2, while that of Chinese fir, litter and soil were 0.18%, 0.03% and 99.79% respectively. The order of nutrient accumulation was N> K> P in each component of crown deciduous and litter, while K> N> P in soil. The concentrations of N and P in litter in 2009 were higher than those in 2008, while the K concentration was lower than the latter. The concentrations of N and P in stem and skin residues in 2009 were slightly larger than those in 2008, with K concentrations being the opposite. The reserves of N and P in stem and skin residues in 2009 are close to those in 2008, with K reserves slightly less than the latter. The N, P and K stocks of litter in 2009 were larger than the litter in 2008. Figure 1 Table 5 参 38.