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中国历史上保存的孔庙是一个活的中国社会发展史展示平台。孔庙不仅仅是古代学子读书的地方,而且反映了中国社会的历史进程。孔庙就其类别而言,有四种,一是家庙,二是纪念性孔庙,三是国庙,四是学庙。中国孔庙除了曲阜、衢州、金华榉溪和几个纪念性孔庙外,绝大多数都是学庙。首先,孔庙透视着中华文化的大融合,从中原到边陲,从汉族到少数民族。可以说孔庙是中华文化的一种象征,而且形成了一种世界性的文化。其次,孔庙透视着中国古代官场的变化,中国古代官场的准入机制,经历了原始的决斗制、初始的禅让制、封建的世袭制、荐举制,到较为公平的科举制,其中,科举制在中国官场的准入机制长达1300年历史,在此期间,各地的孔庙(学庙)则是科举制度下学子做官的摇篮,反映了中国社会正朝着较为公平的方向发展。从隋代开始,做官的主要途径是科举。而科举必由学校。而古代的官方学校,就是孔庙。北魏明元帝永兴五年(413)在平城(今大同)所建国子学孔庙和始光三年(426)所建太学孔庙分别是中国第一座和第二座孔庙学宫,唐贞观以后凡官学内均建孔庙。再次,孔庙透视着中国社会的和谐稳定:从汉代开始,中国封建社会长达两千多年的秘诀就在于无论是何种政权,上台后最终用的都是儒学,自从汉武帝“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”后,它在客观上促进了传统中国社会的和谐稳定。而孔庙发挥了关键性作用。
The Confucius Temple preserved in Chinese history is a live platform for displaying the history of social development in China. Confucian Temple is not only a place where ancient students study, but also reflects the historical process of Chinese society. Confucian Temple in terms of their categories, there are four, one temple, the second is the Confucius Temple, the third is the temple, the fourth is the temple. Confucius Temple in China in addition to Qufu, Quzhou, Jinhua Beech Creek and several monumental Confucian Temple, the vast majority are temples. First of all, Confucius Temple looks at the great fusion of Chinese culture from the Central Plains to the border areas, from Han to ethnic minorities. Confucius Temple can be said that a symbol of Chinese culture, but also the formation of a universal culture. Secondly, Confucius Temple looked at the changes of officialdom in ancient China. The access mechanism of ancient officialdom in China experienced the primitive duel system, the initial system of zenith, the feudal hereditary system, the recommended system, and the imperial examination system. Among them, During the 1300 years of officialdom accession in China, Confucius Temples (or temples) throughout the country were the cradles of students’ officialdom under the imperial examination system. This reflected that Chinese society is moving in a more fair direction. Since the Sui Dynasty, the main way to be an official is the imperial examination. The imperial examination by the school. The ancient official school, is the Confucius Temple. The Northern Wei Ming Yuan Emperor Yongxing five years (413) in Pingcheng (today Datong) built by the Confucius Temple and the beginning of three years (426) built Confucius Temple of the Confucius Temple is the first and second Confucius Temple, Tang Zhenguan After the official school Confucian Temple are built. Again, Confucius Temple looks at the harmony and stability of Chinese society: from the Han Dynasty, the secret of the Chinese feudal society for more than two thousand years lies in what kind of regime the government ultimately took after he took office. Since Han Wudi Home, respect Confucianism ", it objectively promoted the harmony and stability of traditional Chinese society. Confucius Temple played a key role.