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南京大报恩寺遗址出土的宋代阿育王塔是目前国内地宫出土的最大的阿育王塔,该塔的出土对研究我国佛文化的传承体制、发展历程等具有重大意义。为恢复严重干缩变形的阿育王塔檀香木胎的原有形貌,采用“活性碱”作为润胀复原剂,对干缩变形的木胎进行了复原试验。采用X射线衍射仪、环境扫描电镜对复原前后的木质组织结构进行了表征。结果表明:经活性碱处理后,檀香木试样的结晶度由处理前的45.5%下降到处理后的38.7%,塌陷的木材细胞腔结构得以重现,变形的木材孔道结构由近椭圆形变化为近圆形。在对一件干缩变形的阿育王塔相轮处理试验中,经复原处理后相轮的经向尺寸提高了1.33%、纬向尺寸提高了10.03%,复原后的相轮与收缩前出土时外观尺寸相近。
The Asoka Tower in the Song Dynasty unearthed at the site of the Nanjing Grand Prize Memorial Temple is the largest Ashoka pagoda unearthed in the country. The unearthed pagoda is of great significance for studying the inheritance system and development course of the Buddhist culture in our country. In order to restore the original appearance of Asoka tower sandalwood tire with severe shrinkage and deformation, the “alkali” was used as the swelling and restoring agent, and the recovery experiment was carried out. X-ray diffraction and environmental scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the wood structure before and after restoration. The results showed that after the active alkali treatment, the crystallinity of the sandalwood samples decreased from 45.5% before treatment to 38.7% after the treatment, and the collapsed wood cell cavity structure was reproduced. The deformed wood pore structure changed from nearly oval Nearly circular. In a dry shirring Ashoka tower phase treatment trial, after the restoration process of the phase of the meridian size increased by 1.33%, the latitude dimension increased by 10.03%, the recovery of the phase wheel and the contraction before the unearthed Similar in appearance size.