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采用田间试验方法对磷肥施用量对春玉米产量和土壤环境的影响进行了研究。结果表明:磷素用量不影响玉米的穗粗、秃顶度和穗行数等指标,但对玉米果穗重、穗长和行粒数的影响效果显著。不同磷肥水平下玉米产量的差异均达到显著水平;随着施磷量的增加,玉米产量也逐渐增加,当施入磷肥肥量达到一定的程度后,产量开始逐渐降低;产量以P100处理为最高,比对照高27.6%,超过对照3421.2kg·hm~(-2)。随着磷肥施入量的增加,水溶性有效磷含量亦有所增加。而当施磷量高于200kg/hm~2时土壤CaCl_2-P、水溶性总磷则迅速增加,使磷通过淋溶进入亚表层径流的可能性大大增加。
Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of phosphorus application on spring maize yield and soil environment. The results showed that the amount of phosphorus did not affect the index of ear diameter, bald degree and ear number of maize, but had significant effect on ear weight, spike length and grain number of maize. The yield of maize reached a significant level at different levels of phosphate fertilizer. With the increase of phosphorus rate, the yield of maize also increased gradually. When the amount of fertilizer applied to phosphate fertilizer reached a certain level, the yield began to decrease gradually. The yield was highest at P100 , 27.6% higher than the control, exceeding the control 3421.2kg · hm ~ (-2). With the increase of phosphate fertilizer application, water-soluble phosphorus content also increased. When the phosphorus application rate was higher than 200 kg / hm ~ 2, soil CaCl2-P and water-soluble total phosphorus increased rapidly, and the possibility of phosphorus leaching into sub-surface runoff greatly increased.