本文叙述ESUS机载固态相控阵雷达的限制因素和设计方法。设计的基本原理是利用标准化的收发组件排列成能降低旁瓣的空间密度加权形式。对收发组件组成的固态雷达,早期进行的分析和试验只局限于地面监视和跟踪系统。其组件采用双极型晶体管产生和放大射频信号,并包括低噪声接收和电子捷变所需的增益与相位控制功能。适用于机载监视系统的阵列约由500个这样的组件构成。按照美海军的一项成本效果研究和阵列组件结构研究,已为一个200单元试验阵列的收发组件制定了技术条件。此阵列设计与移动平台天线的旁瓣技术指标相一致,而这些技术指标比以前为固态阵列制定的指标要严格得多。由于要求发射机照射均句、相位与增益控制量化、组件间相位与增益跟踪,以及口径有限,使得常用的旁瓣控制方法在使用上受到限制。前面提到的阵列结构研究结果表明,椭圆成形、数字式加权以及空间密度加权三者结合可以给出一个合适的天线方向图。以这种阵列结构为基础,采用设计与成本间的关系法则来确定最佳组件配置,这种配置兼有直流电源与信号分配上的高效率,可控制热界面,并使组件的设计与制造灵活可变。为了使组件设计、制造、测试和修理方便,把这种组件分成若干个标准电路结构,使各部件之间对接方便,更重要的是可以获得良好的一致性。由于这种收发组件是用于相控阵,故其电气技术指标用平均性能要求和对平均值的标准偏差来表示。这大大地影响了组件的设计和微波电路的制造方法。在信号控制接收机部分限定采用薄膜氧化铝微带电路,这就能进行成批制造而不必对电路逐个调整,这就大大降低了系统成本。为了实现这种设计,应提出一种对收发组件每一功能部件都满足每个分组件偏差的最坏情况设计。此分析将考虑到收发组件的总技术指标以及对低旁瓣天线设计的影响。 This article describes the limiting factors and design methods for ESUS airborne solid state phased array radar. The rationale for the design is the use of standardized transceiver components arranged in a spatial density-weighted form that reduces sidelobes. The early analysis and experimentation of the solid-state radars consisting of transceiver components is limited to terrestrial monitoring and tracking systems. Its components use bipolar transistors to generate and amplify RF signals and include the gain and phase control required for low-noise reception and electronic agility. An array suitable for airborne monitoring systems consists of about 500 such components. According to a U.S. Navy cost-effectiveness study and array component structure study, technical conditions have been established for the transceiver components of a 200-unit test array. This array design is consistent with sidelobe specifications for mobile platform antennas, and these specifications are much more stringent than those previously defined for solid state arrays. The common sidelobe control methods are limited in their use due to the requirement of transmitter illumination, quantization of phase and gain control, phase and gain tracking between components, and limited aperture. The array structure mentioned above shows that the combination of ellipse shaping, digital weighting and spatial density weighting can give a suitable antenna pattern. Based on this array structure, the best component configuration is determined by the rule of the relationship between design and cost. This configuration combines the high efficiency, controllable thermal interface, and the design and manufacture of components for DC power and signal distribution Flexible. In order to facilitate the design, manufacture, testing and repair of components, the module is divided into a number of standard circuit structures to facilitate the docking between the components, and more importantly, to achieve good consistency. Because of this transceiver components are used for phased array, so the electrical specifications with the average performance requirements and the standard deviation of the average to represent. This greatly affects the design of the module and the manufacturing method of the microwave circuit. The use of thin-film aluminum oxide microstrip circuits in the signal-control receiver section, which allows bulk manufacturing without having to adjust the circuits one by one, reduces the system cost significantly. In order to achieve this design, a worst-case design that meets the deviation of each subassembly for each function of the transceiver assembly should be proposed. This analysis will take into account the overall specifications of the transceiver components and the impact on the design of the low-sidelobes antenna.