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目的了解冬季呼吸系统疾病门诊患者就诊的主要临床症状、初步诊断与空气质量和温度的相关性。方法调查2012年11月1日至2013年2月28日本院呼吸科门诊患者记录资料;在当地环境保护和气象部门分别调查同期空气质量和天气状况资料。分析该时间段呼吸系统疾病门诊患者就诊例次数、主要呼吸系统症状、门诊初步诊断疾病病种、空气污染指数(API)、气温变化。将API和气温与呼吸科门诊患者例次数、主要症状和疾病诊断进行相关分析。结果 API与当日、滞后1 d和3 d的就诊例次数均存在正相关,pearson相关系数分别为0.725、0.331和0.257(P<0.01)。其中,API与滞后1天和3天的就诊例次数的相关系数低于API与当日就诊例次数的相关系数。API值分段分析,平均日就诊例次数每一级依次递增21.4%、42.6%和50.4%,症状和诊断病例数也有不同程度递增。API与咳痰、气喘存在正相关,pearson相关系数分别为0.287和0.277(P<0.01)。API与上呼吸道感染、支气管炎、支气管哮喘和肺炎存在正相关,pearson相关系数分别为0.184、0.251、0.301和0.227(P<0.05)。气温在-3℃~15℃之间平均日就诊例次数基本稳定,而-4℃~-3℃时平均日就诊例次数增加34.5%,-5℃~-4℃时平均日就诊例次数再增加9.3%。对气温较敏感的症状是咳嗽,-4℃~-3℃时例次数增加35.7%,-5℃~-4℃时例次数再增加14.0%。气温与鼻窦炎、支气管哮喘和咳痰存在负相关,pearson相关系数分别为-0.194、-0.383和-0.191(P<0.05)。结论冬季呼吸门诊患者就诊例次数随着API增加而增多,呼吸系统疾病和症状与空气质量和温度密切相关。
Objective To understand the main clinical symptoms of outpatients with respiratory diseases in winter and the correlation between initial diagnosis and air quality and temperature. Methods The data of patient records of respiratory department in our hospital from November 1, 2012 to February 28, 2013 were surveyed. Air quality and weather data of the same period were investigated separately in the local environmental protection and meteorological departments. The number of outpatient visits, major respiratory symptoms, outpatient pre-diagnosis diseases, air pollution index (API) and temperature changes were analyzed. The API and temperature and respiratory outpatient cases, the number of cases, the main symptoms and diagnosis of disease related analysis. The results of the API and the day, 1 d and 3 d lag on the number of visits were positively correlated, pearson correlation coefficient was 0.725,0.331 and 0.257 (P <0.01). Among them, API and lag 1 day and 3 days the number of cases the correlation coefficient is lower than the API and the number of cases on the day of the correlation coefficient. API segmentation analysis, the average daily number of visits for each level in turn increased by 21.4%, 42.6% and 50.4%, the number of symptoms and diagnoses have increased in varying degrees. API and expectoration, asthma there is a positive correlation, pearson correlation coefficients were 0.287 and 0.277 (P <0.01). There was a positive correlation between API and upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis, bronchial asthma and pneumonia. Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.184, 0.251, 0.301 and 0.227, respectively (P <0.05). The mean daily number of visits was basically stable at temperatures ranging from -3 ℃ to 15 ℃, while the average daily number of visits increased by 34.5% at -4 ℃ -3 ℃. The mean number of visits per day at -5 ℃ -4 ℃ was An increase of 9.3%. The symptom that is more sensitive to temperature is cough, the number of cases increased by 35.7% at -4 ° C to -3 ° C, and the number of cases increased by 14.0% at -5 ° C to -4 ° C. There was a negative correlation between temperature and sinusitis, bronchial asthma and sputum. Pearson correlation coefficients were -0.194, -0.383 and -0.191, respectively (P <0.05). Conclusion The number of consultation sessions in winter respiratory clinics increased with the increase of API. Respiratory diseases and symptoms were closely related to air quality and temperature.