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目的评估2014年8月我国(不包括香港、澳门和台湾地区)突发公共卫生事件及需要关注的传染病风险。方法根据全国突发公共卫生事件报告及重点传染病监测等各种监测资料和部门通报信息,采用专家会商法,以视频会议形式邀请全国各省(直辖市、自治区)疾病预防控制中心专家参与评估。结果根据既往数据分析,结合近期全国突发公共卫生事件形势,预计2014年8月全国突发公共卫生事件数较7月下降;报告事件将以食物中毒、高温中暑、传染病事件(如登革热、病毒性乙型脑炎、霍乱、细菌性痢疾等)为主。我国存在埃博拉病毒病输入的风险,基于我国目前具有的发现、诊断和控制能力,病例输入后发生疫情扩散的可能性低。广东省、云南省已报告登革热本地暴发疫情,广西、福建、海南、浙江等其他南方省(自治区)由输入病例疫情导致本地暴发的风险高。8月食物中毒的事件数、病例数和死亡数均会维持在较高的水平。海南省台风灾后需重视霍乱、登革热、疟疾和食物中毒等传染病和突发公共卫生事件防控;云南鲁甸地震灾区需重视甲型病毒性肝炎、细菌性痢疾、伤寒副伤寒、其他感染性腹泻病、急性出血性结膜炎、手足口病、食物中毒事件传染病和突发公共卫生事件防控。8月仍是高温中暑高发季节。结论 2014年8月我国的突发公共卫生事件及传染病疫情发生态势与往年相似,事件数将下降;需重点关注埃博拉病毒病、登革热、食物中毒,同时关注部分灾区自然灾害后的卫生防病工作。
Objective To assess the public health emergencies in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan) and the risks of communicable diseases requiring attention in August 2014. Methods According to the national public health emergencies reports and key communicable disease surveillance and other monitoring information and departmental briefing information, experts were invited to participate in the appraisal by using expert consultation method and video conferencing to invite CDC experts from all provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) across the country. Results Based on past data analysis and the recent situation of public health emergencies in the country, it is estimated that the number of public health emergencies in China dropped in August 2014 compared with July. The reported incidents will include food poisoning, heat stroke, infectious disease events such as dengue fever, Viral Japanese encephalitis, cholera, bacillary dysentery, etc.). In China, there is a risk of Ebola virus disease input. Based on the current finding, diagnosis and control ability of our country, there is a low possibility of epidemic spread after the case input. In Guangdong and Yunnan provinces, local outbreaks of dengue fever have been reported, and other southern provinces (autonomous regions) in Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan and Zhejiang Provinces have a high risk of local outbreaks due to the epidemic of imported cases. The number of food poisoning incidents, the number of cases and the death toll in August were all at a high level. In the aftermath of the typhoon in Hainan Province, attention should be paid to prevention and control of infectious diseases such as cholera, dengue, malaria and food poisoning and public health emergencies; and the endemic areas of Yunnan Ludian need to pay attention to hepatitis A, bacillary dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid fever, other infectious Diarrhea, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, hand-foot-mouth disease, infectious diseases of food poisoning and public health emergency prevention and control. August is still a high temperature heat stroke season. Conclusions In August 2014, the outbreak of public health emergencies and infectious diseases in China was similar to those in previous years. The number of incidents will decrease. Ebola virus disease, dengue fever and food poisoning should be closely monitored. At the same time, attention should be paid to the hygiene after natural disasters in some affected areas Disease prevention work.