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为了揭示土壤耕作和秸秆覆盖对苹果园土壤保蓄水性能及土壤肥力的影响,研究设置了以土壤耕作(免耕、翻耕、旋耕)为主处理,秸秆覆盖(秸秆覆盖、无覆盖)为副处理的裂区试验,对比分析了各处理果园土壤水分贮量、土壤肥力等性状。结果表明,免耕裸地与翻耕裸地处理的保蓄水效应在果树不同生长期表现不同,在5月份免耕裸地处理1 m土层内土壤贮水量高于翻耕裸地处理,而在10月份免耕裸地处理显著低于翻耕裸地处理;秸秆覆盖各处理1 m土层内土壤贮水量均明显高于无覆盖各处理,耕作与秸秆覆盖相结合在整个土壤水分测定过程中均以免耕秸秆覆盖土壤贮水量最高且较稳定;耕作与秸秆覆盖相结合显著提高了有机质含量,土壤速效肥含量明显增加,各处理以翻耕秸秆覆盖及免耕秸秆覆盖土壤养分含量为最高。在渭北洛川苹果生产基地,采用免耕秸秆覆盖技术能起到较好的保蓄水作用,土壤肥力明显增加。
In order to reveal the effects of soil tillage and straw mulching on soil conservation water storage and soil fertility in apple orchards, soil tillage (tillage, tillage and rotary tillage) was used as main treatment, straw mulching (straw mulching and no mulching) In the split-plot test for secondary treatment, the soil water storage and soil fertility of each treatment were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the effect of preserving water on nursery-bare land and tillage bare land was different in different growth periods of fruit trees. Soil water storage capacity in 1 m soil layer of no-tillage bare land was higher than that in tillage bare land in May, While in October, the no-till bare land treatment was significantly lower than the tillage bare land treatment; the soil water storage capacity in the 1 m soil layer with straw mulching was significantly higher than the non-tillage treatment, tillage and straw mulching in the whole soil moisture determination During the process, no-tillage straw mulched soil had the highest water storage capacity and was stable. The combination of tillage and straw mulching significantly increased the content of organic matter and the content of soil available fertilizer. The contents of tillage straw mulch and no-tillage straw mulching soil nutrient content For the highest. Weigang Luochuan apple production base, using no-tillage straw mulching technology can play a good role in preserving water, soil fertility increased significantly.