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沉默权起源于17世纪的英国,后来被多数西方国家所继受。英国从19世纪初期就开始对沉默权的理论根据、地位、具体规则进行争论,但是直到20世纪对沉默权的限制修改才对这种争论有了正式的阶段性回应,分别于1988年、1994年、1996年以及1998年对沉默权进行了修改。从以上四次的修改中可以看出:其一,修改主要是对沉默权的限制,而没有从根本上剥夺嫌疑人和被告人的沉默权;其二,限制在技术上主要通过修改规定被告人沉默权的法律后果——不利推论和评论来实现。对沉默权的限制性立法在英国国内引起广泛的讨论,支持者和反对者争议的焦点主要集中在嫌疑人和被告人的诉讼权利保护、侦查权的实现、在诉讼结构上以及司法实践上等四个方面。
The right to silence originated in Britain in the 17th century and was later inherited by most Western countries. Since the early 19th century, the United Kingdom began to argue about the theoretical basis, status and specific rules of the right to silence. However, it was not until the 20th century that the restriction on the right to silence had formally responded to this controversy. In 1988, 1994 The right to silence was revised in 1996, 1998 and 1998. It can be seen from the above four amendments: First, the amendment mainly restricts the right to silence without fundamentally depriving the suspect and the accused of the right to silence; secondly, it restricts that the defendant The Legal Consequences of the Right to Silence - Negative Corollary and Comment. Restrictive legislation on the right to silence has caused widespread discussion in the UK. The focus of disputes between supporters and opponents has focused on the litigation rights protection of suspects and accused, the realization of investigative powers, the structure of litigation and judicial practice Four aspects.