C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with unfavorable outcome in patients with acute ischemicsyndromes and in patients with chronic stable angina.Elevated CRP levels suggestive of heightened inflammatorystate in vascular conditions are often associated with elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels.The aim of our study wasto show the predictive importance of CRP and IL-6 levels in patients with ischemic stroke that has not been fullyelucidated.Design We studied 647 consecutive elderly patients (>65 years) with stroke who were documentedwith ischemic stroke,presence of significant carotid atherosderosis and absence of atrial fibrillation.The studypopulation included 150 patients (74 men,76 women,mean age 74±2).Patients underwent evaluation of highsensitive CRP and IL-6 levels at baseline,during hospitalization and at discharge.Results In-hospital mortalitywas 6%,1 year mertality was 15% and a second cerebrovascular event occurred in 12% of patients.Those with in-hospital events had significantly higher baseline CRP and IL-6 levels than patients without events (3.8+1.1 vs1.9±0.9 mg/L,P<0.01 and 13.8±3.4 vs 6.3±2.1 pg/ml,P<0.01,respectively).Also CRP and IL-6levels were significantly higher in those patients with an event within 3 months of discharge compared to patientswithout an event (3.6±1.3 vs 1.1±0.7 mg/L,P<0.01 and 14.2±3.7 vs 5.4±1.6 pg/ml,P<001,respectively).Both base line CRP levels and IL-6 were predictive of events both in-hospital and after 3 months whileCRP and IL-6 levels at baseline were not associated with a poor 1 year prognosis.Elevated CRP levels wereassociated with an unfavorable outcome only when IL-6 levels were also elevated.In a stepwise multivariate analysisIL-6 level was a stronger predictor of outcome than CRP.Conclusions In conclusion,elevated CRP and IL-6levels may identify elderly patients at increased medium term risk,but do not predict one year events in this subsetof patients.CRP levels predict events only when they are coupled with IL-6 levels.(J Ceriatr Cardiol 2004;1:44-48.) C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with unfavorable outcome in patients with acute ischemic heart problems and in patients with chronic stable angina. Elevated CRP levels suggestive of heightened inflammatory status in vascular conditions are associated with elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. The aim of our study wasto show the predictive importance of CRP and IL-6 levels in patients with ischemic stroke that has not been fully belucidated. Design We studied 647 consecutive elderly patients (> 65 years) with stroke who were documentedwith ischemic stroke, presence of significant carotid atherosderosis and absence of atrial fibrillation. The study population included 150 patients (74 men, 76 women, mean age 74 ± 2). Patients underwent evaluation of high sensitive CRP and IL-6 levels at baseline, during hospitalization and at discharge. Results In -hospital mortalitywas 6%, 1 year mertality was 15% and a second cerebrovascular event occurred in 12% of patients.Those with in-hospital events had signif icantly higher baseline CRP and IL-6 levels than patients without events (3.8 + 1.1 vs. 1.9 ± 0.9 mg / L, P <0.01 and 13.8 ± 3.4 vs. 6.3 ± 2.1 pg / ml, P <0.01, respectively) and IL-6levels were significantly higher in those patients with an event within 3 months of discharge compared to patients with an event (3.6 ± 1.3 vs 1.1 ± 0.7 mg / L, P <0.01 and 14.2 ± 3.7 vs 5.4 ± 1.6 pg / ml, P <0.001, respectively) .Both base line CRP levels and IL-6 were predictive of events both in-hospital and after 3 months while CRP and IL-6 levels at baseline were not associated with a poor 1 year prognosis. Elevated CRP levels wereassociated with an unfavorable outcome only when IL-6 levels were also elevated. In a stepwise multivariate analysisIL-6 level was a stronger predictor of outcome than CRP. Conclusions In conclusion, elevated CRP and IL-6levels may identify elderly patients at increased medium term risk , but do not predict one year events in this subsetof patients. CRP levels predict events only when they are coupled wi th IL-6levels. (J Ceriatr Cardiol 2004; 1: 44-48.)