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儿童结核病是指由结核分枝杆菌引起的一种慢性感染性疾病,以侵犯肺部为主,引起原发性肺结核、结核性胸膜炎等。由于儿童免疫力低下,起病隐匿,且往往不能得到及时和正规地诊治等原因,可引起血行播散性肺结核、结核性脑膜炎等严重类型结核病,其预后差,病死率高。在2011年,全球估计有6.4万儿童死于结核病,是发展中国家儿童死亡的主要原因之一,给家庭和社会带来沉重负担[1]。本文对引起儿童结核病死亡的主要危险因素进行综述,以提高儿科临床医师警惕性及时发现和纠正危险因素,降低结核病患儿病死率。
Tuberculosis in children refers to a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis to infringe the lungs, causing primary tuberculosis, tuberculous pleurisy and so on. Children with low immunity, insidious onset, and often can not get timely and regular diagnosis and treatment and other reasons, can cause hematogenous disseminated tuberculosis, tuberculous meningitis and other serious types of tuberculosis, the poor prognosis and high mortality. In 2011, an estimated 64,000 children died of tuberculosis globally, one of the major causes of child deaths in developing countries, placing heavy burdens on families and society. [1] This article reviews the main risk factors causing childhood tuberculosis death in order to improve the vigilance of pediatric clinicians to detect and correct the risk factors in time and reduce the mortality of children with tuberculosis.