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欧盟成员国加入欧元区需要同时满足经济表现和政治意愿两方面的条件,其中经济表现更具决定性作用。波兰、匈牙利、捷克和斯洛伐克于2004年同时加入欧盟。斯洛伐克于2009年加入欧元区,但波兰、匈牙利和捷克却迟迟未能加入。波、匈、捷三国加入欧盟后,经济表现虽然优异,但一直未能完全“达标”。受国内外经济形势影响,三国加入欧元区的政治意愿时有波动。特别是受国际金融危机的冲击,中东欧三国经济表现与《马斯特里赫特条约》趋同标准的差距进一步拉大。欧元区机制改革也使其加入欧元区的代价变得更为昂贵。2015年以前,中东欧三国都不可能加入欧元区。
The EU membership needs to meet both the economic performance and the political will at the same time. The economic performance is even more decisive. Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia joined the EU in 2004. Slovakia joined the euro zone in 2009, but Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic have been slow to join. Although the economic performance of Poland, Hungary and Czech Republic after joining the European Union has been outstanding, they have not been able to achieve “complete compliance”. Influenced by the economic situation at home and abroad, the political will of the three countries to join the euro area fluctuated from time to time. In particular, under the impact of the international financial crisis, the gap between the economic performance of the three Central and Eastern European countries and the convergence criteria of the “Maastricht Treaty” further widened. The reform of the euro zone mechanism also made it more expensive to join the euro zone. Until 2015, it is impossible for all three countries in Central and Eastern Europe to join the euro zone.