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孔子在生涯发展教育中,将21-30岁设定为“自立”生涯发展阶段,其发展目标是能够独立生存和生活,本质上是人主体性的建立。只有人与对象一起构成一个自己的生活世界,人才能独立自主,才能自爱、自尊、自信,才能真正建立起人的主体性,才能过上幸福的生活。自立要通过社会适应与就业的实行活动,是人们经历“动心忍性”和“曾益其所不能”的奋斗过程。没有独立自主的人格,就没有个人的生活世界,就没有生活的幸福感。
In his career development education, Confucius set his age of 21-30 as his stage of career development. His goal of development is to be able to survive and live independently, which is essentially the establishment of human subjectivity. Only when people and objects form a world of their own life can the people be independent and self-love, self-esteem, and self-confidence so that they can truly establish their subjectivity and live a happy life. The process of self-reliance through social adaptation and employment is a process in which people experience “temptation and tolerance ” and “have benefited ”. Without an independent personality, there is no personal world of life, there is no sense of happiness of life.