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以大兴安岭重度火烧林地为研究对象,选取未被火烧的林地作为对照,通过监测3年内火烧迹地和对照样地森林土壤生境因子的变化情况,对土壤生境质量进行了评价;通过计算各土壤生境因子的隶属度和权重,得到相应的土壤质量指数。结果表明:土壤质量指数可以较直观地反映林火对森林土壤的影响,火烧后基于不同土壤生境因子得到的评价结果存在差异;基于12个土壤生境因子的评价结果为火烧迹地土壤生境质量变好,并随时间逐步提高;基于7个土壤生境功能因子的评价发现火烧后土壤生境质量稍微下降,而后又呈上升趋势;基于3个土壤生境障碍因子的评价发现火烧后土壤生境质量明显下降,随后急剧上升;对于火烧后即时及长时间(3年以上)林地土壤的生境质量评价,建议选取基于土壤障碍因子的评价方法,这样可以减少土壤生境因子获取时的工作量,同时还能避免限制性因子被掩盖而过高评价火烧后的土壤生境质量。该评价结果为火烧后林地的管理和恢复工作提供了基础数据。
Taking the heavy firewood forest in the Greater Hinggan Mountains as the research object, the forest land which was not burned was selected as the control. The changes of the soil environmental factors in the forest land in the burned area and the control area within 3 years were evaluated, and the soil habitat quality was evaluated. The degree of membership and weight, get the corresponding soil quality index. The results showed that soil quality index could reflect forest fire’s influence on forest soil more intuitively, and there was difference in evaluation results based on different soil habitat factors after fire. Based on the evaluation results of 12 soil habitat factors, the quality of soil habitat on fire place was better , And gradually increased with time. Based on the evaluation of seven soil habitat function factors, the quality of soil habitat after fire was slightly decreased and then increased again. Based on the evaluation of three soil habitat obstacle factors, the quality of soil habitat after fire was significantly decreased, The evaluation of habitat quality of forest soils immediately after fire and long time (more than 3 years) is recommended to select the evaluation method based on soil disturbance factors, so as to reduce the workload of obtaining soil habitat factors and avoid the restriction The factors were masked and overestimated the quality of soil habitat after fire. The evaluation results provide the basic data for the management and restoration of forestland after fire.