西方学者费希特认为人有三种冲动,即自然冲动、纯粹冲动和伦理冲动。伦理冲动产生了职责,人的职责就是道德,而构成这个命题则有四个要件:善良意志、信念、良心、自由。在笔者看来,费希特提出道德是人的职责的解释富有新意。在费希特前没有人把道德与人的职责联系起来进行考察。由于亚里士多德认为道德是善的出现和实现;亚当s斯密认为道德是同情的对象化;康德认为道德是绝对命令的发出和落实;孔子认为道 Western scholars Fichte believe that there are three kinds of impulses, that is, natural impulses, pure impulses and ethical impulses. Ethical impulses have responsibilities, and human responsibilities are morality. There are four elements that constitute this proposition: good will, faith, conscience and freedom. In my opinion, Fichte proposes that ethics is a new interpretation of human responsibility. No one in Fichte has linked morality with human responsibilities. Since Aristotle thought that morality is the appearance and realization of goodness, Adam Smith believes that morality is the objectification of sympathy, Kant believes that morality is the issue and fulfillment of absolute orders, and Confucius thinks