英国文学批评家雷蒙·威廉斯(Raymond Williams)在其《现代悲剧》(Modern Tragedy)一书中描述了自由主义悲剧的发展历程,在悲剧的历史上,自由主义悲剧表现为一种独特的创作形态,而这种形态本身是在各个历史时期逐步创生并日趋完善的。而在现代主义阶段,自由主义悲剧迎来了它的自我瓦解。整个过程中,最是饶有兴味的现象被威廉斯描述为“从英雄到受害者”~([1])的转变。这个转变的时刻,同时也是现代戏剧发端的时刻。在 The British literary critic Raymond Williams described the development of a liberal tragedy in his book Modern Tragedy. In the history of the tragedy, the liberal tragedy has been characterized as a unique Creation form, and this form itself is gradually created in all historical periods and maturing. In the stage of modernism, the liberal tragedy ushered in its self-disintegration. Throughout the process, the most interesting phenomenon was described by Williams as a “transition from hero to victim” ([1]). This moment of change is at the same time the beginning of modern drama. in