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全球消灭脊髓灰质炎行动（GPEI）于2016年4月调整脊髓灰质炎疫苗免疫接种战略，将三价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（tOPV）转换为二价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（bOPV），并在全球全面撤出Ⅱ型口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗（OPVⅡ）。然而在OPVⅡ撤出以后，亚洲和非洲多地暴发Ⅱ型循环疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒（cVDPVⅡ）。为了彻底消灭脊髓灰质炎病毒，GPEI于2010年启动研发新型Ⅱ型口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗（nOPVⅡ），并于近年开始考虑是否有必要重启OPV。本文概述了OPVⅡ撤出前后cVDPVⅡ的流行病学情况，影响OPV重启的相关因素以及nOPVⅡ相关研究进展。“,”In April 2016, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) adjusted its polio vaccination strategy, converting trivalent oral polio vaccine (tOPV) into bivalent oral polio vaccine (bOPV), and withdrawing type 2 oral polio vaccine (OPV2) globally. However, after the withdrawal of OPV2, there were many outbreaks of type-2 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV2) in Asia and Africa. In order to eradicate poliovirus completely, GPEI launched the research and development of the novel serotype 2 oral polio vaccine (nOPV2) in 2010 and considering whether it is necessary to reuse OPV. This paper summarizes the epidemiological situation of cVDPV2 before and after OPV2′s withdrawal, the related factors affecting the reuse of OPV and the related research progress of nOPV2.