Background Iron deficiency (ID) is still a great challenge to health care worldwide. Results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of Helicobacterpylori (H. Py/on) eradication on ID are contradictory. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of H. Pylori eradication on ID with a meta-analysis of RCTs. Methods Five electronic databases were searched for RCTs evaluating the effect of H. Pylori eradication on ID. Summary effects were assessed with the methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. Results Eight studies involving 800 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The overall analysis showed that H. Pylori eradication accelerated the improvement of ferritin levels in ID people (mean difference (MD), 7.74 μg/L; 95% CI, 4.61 to 10.88; P