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目的通过分析玉溪市1996—2015年甲乙类法定传染病流行特征和趋势,为今后防制工作提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对玉溪市1996—2015年疾病监测信息报告管理系统报告的甲乙类法定传染病疫情资料进行分析。结果 1996—2015年共报告甲乙类法定传染病23种,其中甲类2种,1996年报告鼠疫2例,2009年报告霍乱20例;乙类21种,累计发病93 273例,死亡237人;发病率在155.7~320.7/10万之间波动;死亡率在0.05~1.31/10万之间,主要受艾滋病(AIDS)影响;疟疾、痢疾、伤寒与副伤寒发病率从近100/10万(构成比超过33%以上)下降到10/10万(构成比10%)以下;肺结核从1997年开始报告发病率33.8/10万上升到2004年的59.2/10万,2015年逐步下降到28.7/10万。肠道传染病影响1996—2007年疫情呈4—10月高发季节性特点;农民、学生及散居儿童病例占总数的65%以上,年龄分布2006年以前为0~9岁,2006年后为20~49岁,病例分别占总数的20%和45%以上。结论采取以重点疾病、乡镇、人群为重点的防治策略是有效遏制传染病高发的有效手段;实施政府主导,卫生、教育、农牧等多部门相互协同的防控机制是行之有效的。传染病对人类的威胁将长期存在,只有不断强化监测手段,采取综合防治的方法,完善防控机制及策略,落实各项措施及方案,才能有效应对各类传染病疫情。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trend of notifiable type A and B infectious diseases in 1996 and 2015 in Yuxi City, and to provide a scientific basis for future prevention and control work. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological data of notifiable infectious diseases in Class A and B reported by Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System in Yuxi City from 1996 to 2015. Results A total of 23 legal A and B infectious diseases were reported from 1996 to 2015, including 2 species from Class A, 2 from 1996 to 1996, 20 from Cholera from 2009 to 2009 and 93 from 273 from Class B with 237 deaths. The incidence was fluctuating between 155.7 and 320.7 / 100,000; the mortality rate was between 0.05 and 1.31 / 100,000, mainly affected by AIDS; the incidence of malaria, dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid was from 100 / The proportion of which exceeded 33%) dropped to below 10 million (constituent ratio 10%); the incidence of tuberculosis increased from 33.8 / 100000 reported in 1997 to 59.2 / 100000 in 2004, and gradually dropped to 28.7 / 100,000. Intestinal infectious diseases epidemic in 1996-2007 showed a seasonal epidemic from April to October; farmer, student and diaspore cases accounted for more than 65% of the total, the age distribution of 0 to 9 years before 2006, 20 after 2006 ~ 49 years old, the cases accounted for 20% and 45% respectively. Conclusion The prevention and control strategies focusing on key diseases, townships and populations are effective measures to curb the high incidence of infectious diseases effectively. It is effective to implement the prevention and control mechanism coordinated by the government, health, education, agriculture and animal husbandry, and other departments. The threat of infectious diseases to human beings will persist for a long time. Only by continuously strengthening the means of monitoring, adopting comprehensive prevention and control measures, improving prevention and control mechanisms and strategies, and implementing various measures and programs can we effectively deal with the epidemic situation of various types of infectious diseases.