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1、引言 人类即将进入21世纪,反思20世纪人类活动的种种得与失:经济快速增长、财富显著增加、人口不断翻番、环境污染日趋严重、自然资源过度消耗、……,得出一个重大结果,就是必须实行可持续发展。1992年6月在巴西里约热内卢召开的“联合国环境与发展大会”,可持续发展是会议的中心议题,102位国家元首和政府首脑共同签署了著名的“地球宣言”,特别是其中的《21世纪议程》将可持续发展的理论和概念推向实际行动。所谓可持续发展,就是“既满足
1. INTRODUCTION Humans are about to enter the 21st century and reflect on the gains and losses of human activities in the 20th century. The rapid economic growth, the remarkable increase in wealth, the continual doubling of population, the worsening of environmental pollution and the over-consumption of natural resources ... have yielded a major result That is, we must implement sustainable development. At the “United Nations Conference on Environment and Development” held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 1992, sustainable development was the central theme of the conference. Twenty-two Heads of State and Government signed the famous Declaration of the Earth, in particular the “21st Century Agenda ”to put the theory and concept of sustainable development into practical action. The so-called sustainable development is "both satisfied