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目的探讨肿瘤化疗患者医院感染的发生率、易感因素及预防措施。方法回顾性调查分析3 061例恶性肿瘤患者进行化疗后的临床资料。结果化疗后发生医院感染341例,医院感染率11.14%,引起医院感染的病原菌以真菌为首,感染部位以呼吸道为主;肺癌较其它化疗患者发生医院感染率高;医院感染与年龄的关系呈“V”型分布,即从≤14岁的高感染率开始,随着年龄的增长感染率呈下降趋势,至45~59岁最低,60岁后又达高峰,并随肿瘤期别及化疗疗程的增加、白细胞总数的下降而上升;广谱抗菌素的长期使用是医院感染的危险因素。结论化疗患者机体抵抗力降低,医院感染率高,必须加强医院感染管理,针对易感因素采取有效的干预措施,以减少医院感染发生。
Objective To investigate the incidence of nosocomial infection, susceptibility factors and preventive measures in patients with tumor chemotherapy. Methods The clinical data of 3 061 malignant tumor patients after chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. Results There were 341 nosocomial infections and 11.14% nosocomial infections after chemotherapy. The pathogenic bacteria causing nosocomial infection were mainly fungi and the respiratory tract was the main part of the nosocomial infection. The incidence of nosocomial infections was higher in patients with lung cancer than in other chemotherapy patients. The relationship between nosocomial infection and age was “V” type distribution, that is, from the high infection rate of ≤ 14 years old, with the increase of age, the infection rate showed a downward trend to the lowest 45 to 59 years old, reached the peak after 60 years of age and with the tumor stage and chemotherapy Increased course of treatment, the total number of leukocytes decreased and increased; the long-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is a risk factor for nosocomial infections. Conclusions Chemotherapy patients have lower body immunity and higher hospital infection rate. Hospital infection management must be strengthened and effective intervention measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.