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生物样品基质复杂,在色谱分析前先要除去其中的蛋白质等大分子物质,以免损害色谱柱。常用的前处理方法多为离线操作,耗时费力,还会造成样品损失和污染,而直接进样的方法能减少前处理步骤,并能有效预浓缩和净化生物样品。这一过程可以通过柱切换技术实现自动化,尽可能地减少了生物样品的前处理步骤和潜在的样品污染,提高方法的重现性。本文对目前生物样品的液相色谱分析方法中样品自动化处理的进展进行了综述。具体集中于直接进样技术,如限进性填料和其他自动化在线固相萃取过程,还包括新兴的对样品更具选择性的自动化萃取相技术,如分子印迹聚合物。并对这些方法和潜在的应用前景进行了简要讨论。
The biological sample matrix is complex, in which it is necessary to remove the macromolecules such as proteins before the chromatographic analysis so as not to damage the column. Commonly used pretreatment methods are mostly offline, time-consuming and labor-intensive, which can result in sample loss and contamination, while direct injection methods reduce pre-treatment steps and preconcentrate and purify biological samples. This process can be automated through column switching, minimizing biological sample pretreatment steps and potential sample contamination, and improving reproducibility of the method. In this paper, the progress of automated sample processing in liquid chromatographic analysis of biological samples is reviewed. Specific focus is on direct injection techniques such as limited-packing and other automated on-line solid-phase extraction processes as well as emerging automated extraction phase technologies that are more selective for samples such as molecularly imprinted polymers. A brief discussion of these methods and potential applications is provided.