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对用于治疗金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌)感染的抗菌药物的研制已取得显著进展,但临床上对金葡菌感染的治疗仍面临挑战。1948年和1961年先后有报道出现耐青霉素和耐甲氧西林的金葡菌,目前又有耐万古霉素金葡菌的报道,由此可见人类与这种金葡菌变异株的战斗还没有结束。本文旨在阐述最新研发的抗菌药物及其作用机制和体外抗菌活性,以及金葡菌对这些抗菌药物出现的耐药趋势。利奈唑胺静脉注射和口服都可用于治疗肺炎、皮肤和软组织感染。达托霉素被推荐用于治疗深部感染,如由耐甲氧西林金葡菌引起的心内膜炎和骨髓炎。替加环素是治疗成人复杂性腹腔内感染和复杂皮肤感染具有前景的抗菌药。目前也在研发新的头孢菌素类、喹喏酮类和接种疫苗。同时,为了防止金葡菌对新的抗生素耐药性的快速出现,需要在有效控制感染时合理使用新的抗生素。
Significant advances have been made in the development of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections, but the clinical treatment of S. aureus infection remains challenging. 1948 and 1961 have reported the emergence of penicillin-resistant and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, there are reports of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, we can see that humans have not fought this Staphylococcus aureus mutants End. This article aims to elaborate on the latest research and development of antimicrobial agents and their mechanism of action and in vitro antibacterial activity, as well as Staphylococcus aureus antibacterial drug resistance trends. Linezolid is administered intravenously and orally for the treatment of pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections. Daptomycin is recommended for the treatment of deep infections such as endocarditis and osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Tigecycline is an antimicrobial agent that has promise for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complex skin infections in adults. New cephalosporins, quinolones and vaccines are also being developed. In the meantime, in order to prevent S. aureus from rapidly emerging with new antibiotic resistance, new antibiotics need to be rationally used to effectively control the infection.