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英语最基本的语序是主语在谓语动词的前面。如果将句子的谓语全部提到主语的前面，这称之为完全倒装。如果只将助动词或情态动词移到主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语之后，这称之为部分倒装。
一、完全倒装
完全倒装是将谓语的全部放在主语之前，此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时时态中。
On her right sat her husband. 她丈夫坐在她右边。
Here is the book you want. 你要的书在这儿。
Down went the small boat. 小船沉下去了。
二、部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词，移至主语之前。
Only by working hard can one succeed. 只有努力才能成功。
Never have I seen her before. 我以前从没见过她。
点津坊
如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
Well do I remember the day when I joined the League.
我对入团的那一天记忆犹新。
Little did I think that he could be back alive.
我没有想到他竟能活着回来。
三、常见的完全倒装结构
1.用于there be句型
There is a mobile phone and some books on the desk.
桌上有一个手机和一些书。
There are thousands of people gathering on the square.
广场上聚集着成千上万的人。
点津坊
引导词there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, stand, live等。
There lived an old fisherman in the village. 村里住着一位老渔夫。
There stand two white houses by the river. 河边矗立着两座白房子。
There existed some doubt among the students.
学生们中还存留一些疑问。
2.用于“here, there, now, thus, then+动词+主语”的句型中(谓语动词多为be, go, come等)
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
Now comes my turn. 现在轮到我了。
Then came the order to take off. 然后起飞的命令到了。
3.用于以out, in, up, down, off, away等副词开头，谓语动词是表示“移动”意义的go, come, leave等句子里
Away went the crowd one by one. 人们一个一个地离去了。
In came a stranger in black. 一位穿黑衣的陌生人走了进来。
Down fell the leaves. 树叶掉了下来。
提示
在完全倒装的结构里，如果主语是人称代词，则用正常语序。
Out she went. 她走出去了。
Here we are. 我们到了。
4.用于表示地点的介词词组位于句首，谓语动词是表示“存在”意思的be, lie, stand, exist等句子中
South of the lake lies a big supermarket. 湖泊的南边是一个大超市。
On the floor were piles of old books, magazines and newspapers.
地板上放着一堆堆旧的书、杂志和报纸。
5.用于“表语+连系动词+主语”结构
Lucky is she who was admitted to a famous university last year.
她很幸运，去年被一所名牌大学录取了。
Gone are the days when he was looked down upon.
他被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。
Present at the meeting are some well-known scientists.
一些知名的科学家出席了会议。
提示
以No wonder开始的句子不用倒装。
No wonder he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day.
难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖。
四、常见的部分倒装结构
1.含有否定意义的副词或连词(如not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere, not until等)放在句首时
He cannot speak a single word of English.
→Not a single word of English can he speak.
他连一个英语单词都不会说。
He cares little about his clothes.
→Little does he care about his clothes. 他不在乎穿着。
I have never seen him before.
→Never have I seen him before.
→Never before have I seen him. 我以前从没见过他。
The mother didn’t leave the room until the child fell asleep.
→Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
直到孩子睡着了，妈妈才离开房间。
(not until引出的主从复合句中，主句倒装，从句不倒装)
Churchill was not only a statesman, but a poet.
→Not only was Churchill a statesman, but a poet.
丘吉尔不仅是个政治家，而且还是个诗人。
I shall by no means give up.
→By no means shall I give up.我决不放弃。
必背
表示“刚……就……”的倒装结构：
Hardly had he started to leave when it began to rain.
他刚要离开，天就下起了雨。
Scarcely had he sat down when his mobile phone rang.
他刚坐下，手机就响了。
No sooner had he handed in his paper than he realized his mistakes.
他刚交卷就意识到出错了。
2.“副词only+状语”放在句首时
Only then did I see life was not easy.
只有到了那时我才知道生活是不易的。
Only in this way can you use the computer well.
只有用这种方法你才能把电脑用好。
Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.
只有病重时，他才呆在床上。
3.so作“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一人(或物)。其结构是:So+be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语
She has been to Tokyo. So have I. 她去过东京，我也去过。
He can send e-mails to his former classmates. So can she.
他能发电子邮件给以前的同学，她也能。
He went to the film last night. So did I.
昨天晚上他去看电影了，我也去了。
点津坊
如果so表示对前面所说的内容加以肯定，或不作“也”讲而只起连词作用，表示“一种结果”的意思，so引导的句子就不用倒装。
——Jack won the first prize in the contest.
杰克在比赛中获得了一等奖。
——So he did. 他的确是。
——It is cold today. 今天很冷。
——So it is and so was it yesterday. 确实很冷，昨天也很冷。
His mother told him to go to the cinema. So he did.
他母亲叫他去看电影，他就去了。
4.neither/nor引导的句子用倒装语序，用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法
She won’t go. Neither/Nor will I. 她不走，我也不走。
I cannot swim. Neither can he. 我不会游泳，他也不会。
点津坊
如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时，用“It is the same with+主语”结构或用“So it is with+主语”结构。
He worked hard, but didn’t pass the exam. So it was with his sister.
他很努力，但没有通过考试，他妹妹也是这样。(既有肯定又有否定)
She is a teacher and she enjoys teaching. So it is with Mr Li.
她是老师，热爱教书。李先生也是这样。
(谓语一个是系动词，一个是行为动词)
5.“so…that…”和“such…that…”结构中的so或such位于句首时
He was so excited that he could not say a word.
So excited was he that he could not say a word.
他如此激动以至于一句话都说不出来。
His anger was such that he lost control of himself.
Such was his anger that he lost control of himself.
他是如此地生气，以至于不能控制自己。
6.一些表示频率的副词(如many a time, often等)位于句首时
I have seen her taking a walk alone many a time.
Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alone.
我多次看到她独自一人在散步。
She often came to my house in the past.
Often did she come to my house in the past. 过去她常到我家来。
7.表示方式、程度的副词位于句首时
Well do I remember the day when I joined the League.
我对入团的那一天还记忆犹新。
Gladly would I accept your proposal. 我很高兴接受你的建议。
8.非谓语动词+be+主语
Covering much of the earth’s surface is a blanket of water.
覆盖地球大部分表面的是水。
Also discussed were the problems we had met with in our studies.
同时还讨论了我们在学习中碰到的问题。
First to unfold was the map of the world. 首先要打开的是世界地图。
五、常见的其他形式的倒装结构
1．宾语位于句首表示强调
The past one can know, but the future one can only feel.
一个人可以了解过去，但只能感悟未来。
What Julia did I cannot imagine. 我想象不出朱莉娅做了什么。
2．the more…the more…结构中的倒装
The harder you work, the happier you feel.
你越努力工作，就越觉得快乐。（表语提前）
The more you study, the more you know.
你学得越多，就知道得越多。（宾语提前）
提示：
有时从句倒装，主句不倒装。
I like the painting better the more I look at it.
我越看这幅画，就越喜欢它。
3.as/though引导的让步状语从句中的倒装
①表语提前，构成倒装。
Though she is very pretty, she is not clever.
→ Pretty though she is, she is not clever．
虽然她很漂亮，但是她不聪明。
Though he was disabled, he tried his best to serve the people.
→ Disabled as he was, he tried his best to serve the people.
虽然他残疾了，但他仍尽力为人民服务。
Although he is a child, he speaks fluent English.
→ Child as he is, he speaks fluent English.
虽然他是个孩子，但能讲流利的英语。(名词单数提前至句首时不用不定冠词a)
Though he is the shortest, he is the richest of the three.
→ Shortest as he is, he is the richest of the three.
虽然他是三个人中最矮的，却是最富有的。(形容词最高级前去掉定冠词the)
②动词提前，构成倒装。
Though they searched, they could not find anything in the house.
→ Search as they did, they could not find anything in the house.
虽然他们搜遍了，却没在房子里找到任何东西。
Though I failed, I would try again.
→ Fail as I did, I would try again. 尽管我失败了，但我还要再试。
Though she may try again, she won’t pass it.
Try again as she may, she won’t pass it.
尽管她愿意再试，她还是不会通过的。
③副词提前，构成倒装。
Though he tried hard, he couldn’t pass the exam.
→ Hard as he tried, he couldn’t pass the exam.
尽管他努力了，他还是没有通过考试。
Though I listened attentively, I still couldn’t understand what he said at the meeting.
→ Attentively as I listened, I still couldn’t understand what he said at the meeting. 尽管我专心听了，但我还是不懂他在会议上说的话。
Though he ran the fastest, he still didn’t catch the train.
→ Fastest as he ran, he still didn’t catch the train.
尽管他跑得最快，但仍没有赶上火车。（副词最高级前不用定冠词the）
4．一些习惯说法使用倒装语序
How goes it with you? 你好吗？
What care I? 管我什么事？
What matters it? 这有什么关系？
选择填空
1. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ____
with each other.
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled
C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled
2. So seriously ____ in the accident that he was sent to hospital at
once.
A. he was wounded B. was he hurt
C. he was injured D. did he hurt
3. Then ____ of that time when he was a cowboy.
A. comes the memory B. the memory comes
C. came the memory D. the memory came
4. Not until ____ home ____ his parents had been ill for three days.
A. he got; he knew B. did he get; he knew
C. he got; did he know D. did he get; did he know
5. ____ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
A. Was he given up B. Had he given up
C. Did he give up D. If he gave up
6. Be quick! ____.
A. The bus comes here B. Here comes the bus
C. Here coming the bus D. Here is the bus coming
7. You say he works very hard. ____ and ____.
A. So he does; so do you B. So does he; so you do
C. So he does; so you do D. So does he; so do you
8. No wonder ____ failed in the test ____ second time.
A. has she; the B. she has; the C. has she; a D. she has; a
9. On the wall ____ two large portraits.
A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging
10. Not for a second ____ lose heart.
A. these students did B. did these students
C. these students D. are the students about to
11. ——Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?
——I don’t know, ____.
A. nor don’t I care B. nor do I care
C. I don’t care neither D. neither don’t I care
12. Only when ____ how important it was to master English.
A. did I work I realized B. I worked did I realize
C. did I work did I realize D. I worked I realized
13. ____ in the darkness that he did not dare to move an inch.
A. So frightened he was B. So frightened was he
C. He was frightened so D. So he was frightened
14. ____, she is still as strong as you.
A. As old she is B. Old as she is
C. As she is old D. As old is she
15. The palace was heavily guarded, because inside its walls ____.
A. where lived the Queen B. lived the Queen
C. there the Queen lived D. that lived the Queen
Keys:1.C 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.B 11.B 12.B 13.B 14.B 15.B
一、完全倒装
完全倒装是将谓语的全部放在主语之前，此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时时态中。
On her right sat her husband. 她丈夫坐在她右边。
Here is the book you want. 你要的书在这儿。
Down went the small boat. 小船沉下去了。
二、部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词，移至主语之前。
Only by working hard can one succeed. 只有努力才能成功。
Never have I seen her before. 我以前从没见过她。
点津坊
如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
Well do I remember the day when I joined the League.
我对入团的那一天记忆犹新。
Little did I think that he could be back alive.
我没有想到他竟能活着回来。
三、常见的完全倒装结构
1.用于there be句型
There is a mobile phone and some books on the desk.
桌上有一个手机和一些书。
There are thousands of people gathering on the square.
广场上聚集着成千上万的人。
点津坊
引导词there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, stand, live等。
There lived an old fisherman in the village. 村里住着一位老渔夫。
There stand two white houses by the river. 河边矗立着两座白房子。
There existed some doubt among the students.
学生们中还存留一些疑问。
2.用于“here, there, now, thus, then+动词+主语”的句型中(谓语动词多为be, go, come等)
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
Now comes my turn. 现在轮到我了。
Then came the order to take off. 然后起飞的命令到了。
3.用于以out, in, up, down, off, away等副词开头，谓语动词是表示“移动”意义的go, come, leave等句子里
Away went the crowd one by one. 人们一个一个地离去了。
In came a stranger in black. 一位穿黑衣的陌生人走了进来。
Down fell the leaves. 树叶掉了下来。
提示
在完全倒装的结构里，如果主语是人称代词，则用正常语序。
Out she went. 她走出去了。
Here we are. 我们到了。
4.用于表示地点的介词词组位于句首，谓语动词是表示“存在”意思的be, lie, stand, exist等句子中
South of the lake lies a big supermarket. 湖泊的南边是一个大超市。
On the floor were piles of old books, magazines and newspapers.
地板上放着一堆堆旧的书、杂志和报纸。
5.用于“表语+连系动词+主语”结构
Lucky is she who was admitted to a famous university last year.
她很幸运，去年被一所名牌大学录取了。
Gone are the days when he was looked down upon.
他被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。
Present at the meeting are some well-known scientists.
一些知名的科学家出席了会议。
提示
以No wonder开始的句子不用倒装。
No wonder he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day.
难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖。
四、常见的部分倒装结构
1.含有否定意义的副词或连词(如not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere, not until等)放在句首时
He cannot speak a single word of English.
→Not a single word of English can he speak.
他连一个英语单词都不会说。
He cares little about his clothes.
→Little does he care about his clothes. 他不在乎穿着。
I have never seen him before.
→Never have I seen him before.
→Never before have I seen him. 我以前从没见过他。
The mother didn’t leave the room until the child fell asleep.
→Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
直到孩子睡着了，妈妈才离开房间。
(not until引出的主从复合句中，主句倒装，从句不倒装)
Churchill was not only a statesman, but a poet.
→Not only was Churchill a statesman, but a poet.
丘吉尔不仅是个政治家，而且还是个诗人。
I shall by no means give up.
→By no means shall I give up.我决不放弃。
必背
表示“刚……就……”的倒装结构：
Hardly had he started to leave when it began to rain.
他刚要离开，天就下起了雨。
Scarcely had he sat down when his mobile phone rang.
他刚坐下，手机就响了。
No sooner had he handed in his paper than he realized his mistakes.
他刚交卷就意识到出错了。
2.“副词only+状语”放在句首时
Only then did I see life was not easy.
只有到了那时我才知道生活是不易的。
Only in this way can you use the computer well.
只有用这种方法你才能把电脑用好。
Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.
只有病重时，他才呆在床上。
3.so作“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一人(或物)。其结构是:So+be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语
She has been to Tokyo. So have I. 她去过东京，我也去过。
He can send e-mails to his former classmates. So can she.
他能发电子邮件给以前的同学，她也能。
He went to the film last night. So did I.
昨天晚上他去看电影了，我也去了。
点津坊
如果so表示对前面所说的内容加以肯定，或不作“也”讲而只起连词作用，表示“一种结果”的意思，so引导的句子就不用倒装。
——Jack won the first prize in the contest.
杰克在比赛中获得了一等奖。
——So he did. 他的确是。
——It is cold today. 今天很冷。
——So it is and so was it yesterday. 确实很冷，昨天也很冷。
His mother told him to go to the cinema. So he did.
他母亲叫他去看电影，他就去了。
4.neither/nor引导的句子用倒装语序，用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法
She won’t go. Neither/Nor will I. 她不走，我也不走。
I cannot swim. Neither can he. 我不会游泳，他也不会。
点津坊
如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时，用“It is the same with+主语”结构或用“So it is with+主语”结构。
He worked hard, but didn’t pass the exam. So it was with his sister.
他很努力，但没有通过考试，他妹妹也是这样。(既有肯定又有否定)
She is a teacher and she enjoys teaching. So it is with Mr Li.
她是老师，热爱教书。李先生也是这样。
(谓语一个是系动词，一个是行为动词)
5.“so…that…”和“such…that…”结构中的so或such位于句首时
He was so excited that he could not say a word.
So excited was he that he could not say a word.
他如此激动以至于一句话都说不出来。
His anger was such that he lost control of himself.
Such was his anger that he lost control of himself.
他是如此地生气，以至于不能控制自己。
6.一些表示频率的副词(如many a time, often等)位于句首时
I have seen her taking a walk alone many a time.
Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alone.
我多次看到她独自一人在散步。
She often came to my house in the past.
Often did she come to my house in the past. 过去她常到我家来。
7.表示方式、程度的副词位于句首时
Well do I remember the day when I joined the League.
我对入团的那一天还记忆犹新。
Gladly would I accept your proposal. 我很高兴接受你的建议。
8.非谓语动词+be+主语
Covering much of the earth’s surface is a blanket of water.
覆盖地球大部分表面的是水。
Also discussed were the problems we had met with in our studies.
同时还讨论了我们在学习中碰到的问题。
First to unfold was the map of the world. 首先要打开的是世界地图。
五、常见的其他形式的倒装结构
1．宾语位于句首表示强调
The past one can know, but the future one can only feel.
一个人可以了解过去，但只能感悟未来。
What Julia did I cannot imagine. 我想象不出朱莉娅做了什么。
2．the more…the more…结构中的倒装
The harder you work, the happier you feel.
你越努力工作，就越觉得快乐。（表语提前）
The more you study, the more you know.
你学得越多，就知道得越多。（宾语提前）
提示：
有时从句倒装，主句不倒装。
I like the painting better the more I look at it.
我越看这幅画，就越喜欢它。
3.as/though引导的让步状语从句中的倒装
①表语提前，构成倒装。
Though she is very pretty, she is not clever.
→ Pretty though she is, she is not clever．
虽然她很漂亮，但是她不聪明。
Though he was disabled, he tried his best to serve the people.
→ Disabled as he was, he tried his best to serve the people.
虽然他残疾了，但他仍尽力为人民服务。
Although he is a child, he speaks fluent English.
→ Child as he is, he speaks fluent English.
虽然他是个孩子，但能讲流利的英语。(名词单数提前至句首时不用不定冠词a)
Though he is the shortest, he is the richest of the three.
→ Shortest as he is, he is the richest of the three.
虽然他是三个人中最矮的，却是最富有的。(形容词最高级前去掉定冠词the)
②动词提前，构成倒装。
Though they searched, they could not find anything in the house.
→ Search as they did, they could not find anything in the house.
虽然他们搜遍了，却没在房子里找到任何东西。
Though I failed, I would try again.
→ Fail as I did, I would try again. 尽管我失败了，但我还要再试。
Though she may try again, she won’t pass it.
Try again as she may, she won’t pass it.
尽管她愿意再试，她还是不会通过的。
③副词提前，构成倒装。
Though he tried hard, he couldn’t pass the exam.
→ Hard as he tried, he couldn’t pass the exam.
尽管他努力了，他还是没有通过考试。
Though I listened attentively, I still couldn’t understand what he said at the meeting.
→ Attentively as I listened, I still couldn’t understand what he said at the meeting. 尽管我专心听了，但我还是不懂他在会议上说的话。
Though he ran the fastest, he still didn’t catch the train.
→ Fastest as he ran, he still didn’t catch the train.
尽管他跑得最快，但仍没有赶上火车。（副词最高级前不用定冠词the）
4．一些习惯说法使用倒装语序
How goes it with you? 你好吗？
What care I? 管我什么事？
What matters it? 这有什么关系？
选择填空
1. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ____
with each other.
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled
C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled
2. So seriously ____ in the accident that he was sent to hospital at
once.
A. he was wounded B. was he hurt
C. he was injured D. did he hurt
3. Then ____ of that time when he was a cowboy.
A. comes the memory B. the memory comes
C. came the memory D. the memory came
4. Not until ____ home ____ his parents had been ill for three days.
A. he got; he knew B. did he get; he knew
C. he got; did he know D. did he get; did he know
5. ____ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
A. Was he given up B. Had he given up
C. Did he give up D. If he gave up
6. Be quick! ____.
A. The bus comes here B. Here comes the bus
C. Here coming the bus D. Here is the bus coming
7. You say he works very hard. ____ and ____.
A. So he does; so do you B. So does he; so you do
C. So he does; so you do D. So does he; so do you
8. No wonder ____ failed in the test ____ second time.
A. has she; the B. she has; the C. has she; a D. she has; a
9. On the wall ____ two large portraits.
A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging
10. Not for a second ____ lose heart.
A. these students did B. did these students
C. these students D. are the students about to
11. ——Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?
——I don’t know, ____.
A. nor don’t I care B. nor do I care
C. I don’t care neither D. neither don’t I care
12. Only when ____ how important it was to master English.
A. did I work I realized B. I worked did I realize
C. did I work did I realize D. I worked I realized
13. ____ in the darkness that he did not dare to move an inch.
A. So frightened he was B. So frightened was he
C. He was frightened so D. So he was frightened
14. ____, she is still as strong as you.
A. As old she is B. Old as she is
C. As she is old D. As old is she
15. The palace was heavily guarded, because inside its walls ____.
A. where lived the Queen B. lived the Queen
C. there the Queen lived D. that lived the Queen
Keys:1.C 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.B 11.B 12.B 13.B 14.B 15.B