目的了解医务人员职业暴露的现状,提出针对性的预防措施。方法采用回顾性调查方式,对某医院51例临床一线医务人员职业暴露发生情况及其原因进行监测。结果 51例职业暴露中,工作年限5年以下者占72.55%;暴露的高危人群为护士,其次为临床医师。职业暴露人群主要分布在病房和手术室,90%以上为锐器伤,其中针刺伤占65.22%。有55%锐器伤的锐器沾染有乙型肝炎病人血液。结论低年资护理人员是职业暴露的主要人群,以锐器伤为主要暴露方式,乙型肝炎为主要危险因子。 Objective To understand the status quo of medical staff occupational exposure and put forward targeted preventive measures. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to monitor the occupational exposure of 51 medical staff in a hospital and their causes. Results Of the 51 occupational exposures, 72.55% of them worked less than 5 years; the most exposed groups were nurses, followed by clinicians. Occupational exposure groups were mainly distributed in wards and operating rooms, more than 90% were sharp injuries, of which 65.22% were acupuncture injuries. Fifty-five percent of sharp sharps were contaminated with Hepatitis B blood. Conclusion Low senior nursing staff is the main occupational exposure, with sharp injury as the main exposure method and hepatitis B as the main risk factors.