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随着21世纪经济全球化进程的加快,能源问题的重要性和复杂性日益凸显,世界各主要国家加紧了制定和完善本国能源安全战略的工作。俄罗斯作为正在崛起的世界级的能源生产和出口大国,其能源战略的调整必然会影响到全球能源供应的质量和可靠性,因而引起了国际社会的普遍关注。俄罗斯能源战略的制定经历了一个发展演变的过程,尽管俄罗斯联邦面临的是与原苏联截然不同的地缘政治经济形势和国际环境,但原苏联时期的国家能源政策依然构成了现今俄罗斯能源战略的某些客观物质基础。在对苏联时期、叶利钦时期、普京时期的能源战略进行历史分析和比较研究的基础上,全面认知俄罗斯(苏联)能源战略模式的演进方式和阶段性特点,将不仅有助于我们以客观的、历史的眼光展开对现实能源问题的深入探讨,同时也可为我国能源战略的制定与调整提供有益借鉴。
With the acceleration of economic globalization in the 21st century, the importance and complexity of the energy issue have become increasingly prominent. All major countries in the world have stepped up their efforts to formulate and perfect their energy security strategies. As a rising world-class power producer and exporter, Russia’s energy strategy will inevitably affect the quality and reliability of the global energy supply. Therefore, it has aroused the widespread concern of the international community. The development of Russia’s energy strategy has undergone a process of development and evolution. Although the Russian Federation is facing a completely different geopolitical and economic situation and the international environment from the former Soviet Union, the national energy policy of the former Soviet Union still forms a part of Russia’s energy strategy Some objective material basis. Based on the historical analysis and comparative study of the energy strategies of the Soviet Union, Yeltsin period and Putin era, it is not only helpful for us to objectively understand the evolution pattern and stage characteristics of the Russian (Soviet) energy strategy model in an all-round way , And historical perspectives to conduct in-depth discussion of the real energy issues, but also provide useful lessons for the formulation and adjustment of China’s energy strategy.