“哲学逻辑”一词被不同的论者赋予了不同的涵义,这里所说的哲学逻辑是指一个在近四五十年内新兴的逻辑学科群体,它们以数理逻辑(主要指一阶逻辑)为直接基础,以传统的哲学概念、范畴以及逻辑在各门具体学科中的应用为研究对象,构造出了各种关于传统的哲学概念、范畴或者直接具有哲学意义的逻辑系统。哲学逻辑在近几十年内的兴起和繁盛并不是偶然的,而是根植于数理逻辑、当代分析哲学、现代语言学以及计算机科学等等的实际发展及其现实需要之中。第一,数理逻辑的创立为哲学逻辑的兴起提供了历史前提,而当代分析哲学则为它提供 The term “philosophical logic” is given different meanings by different viewers. The philosophical logic here refers to a group of new logical disciplines that have emerged in the last four or five decades. They take mathematical logic (mainly first-order logic) as Direct basis, taking the traditional philosophical concepts, categories and the application of logic in each specific subject as research objects, and constructing various logical systems about traditional philosophical concepts, categories or directly philosophical meanings. The rise and flourish of philosophical logic in recent decades is not accidental. It is rooted in the actual development and realistic needs of mathematical logic, contemporary analytical philosophy, modern linguistics, and computer science. First, the establishment of mathematical logic provides the historical premise for the rise of philosophical logic, while the contemporary analytical philosophy provides