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食糖是关系国计民生的重要商品,它既是人民生活的必需品,又是整个食品加工业的重要基础原料。与糖有关的产品达几千种。糖料(甘蔗、甜菜)在我国是仅次于棉花、食用植物油料的大宗经济作物,在农村经济占有重要地位。特别是糖料绝大部分种植在我国的经济欠发达的省区,糖料种植是这些地区农民脱贫致富的主要经济来源,是这些地区振兴地方经济的支柱产业,如云南、广西的一些县市财政收入有80%来源于糖业。因此,糖业的发展备受国务院领导及国家有关部门的重视。 90年代前,食糖作为国家带有专控性质的产品,在加工、经营上均带有浓厚的计划经济色彩。进入90年代,随着我国居民消费结构、消费水平的变化,以及产业结构要求按市场经济规律进行调整,我国制糖业也开始被推向市场。从1991年底,国务院决定放开食糖经营,将原来的统购包销改为工业自销,鼓励产销直接见面,实行多渠道、少环节经营,食糖价格改国家定价为指导价格开始,我国制糖业面对市场经受了一场严峻的挑战,由于市场的不适应症,旧有体制的固化以及流通环节的多重不配套,一扎入市场“大海”便呛了几口“海水”。
Sugar is an important commodity related to the national economy and people’s livelihood. It is both a necessity for people’s lives and an important basic raw material for the entire food processing industry. There are thousands of sugar-related products. Sugar (sugar cane, sugar beet) is the second largest economic crop in China, second only to cotton and edible vegetable oil, and it occupies an important position in the rural economy. In particular, most of the sugar is grown in China’s economically underdeveloped provinces. Sugar planting is the main source of income for farmers in these areas to shake off poverty, and is a pillar industry for the rejuvenation of local economies in these areas, such as counties and cities in Yunnan and Guangxi. 80% of fiscal revenue comes from the sugar industry. Therefore, the development of the sugar industry is highly valued by the leaders of the State Council and the relevant state departments. Before the 1990s, sugar, as a national product with special control, had a strong plan economy in processing and management. In the 1990s, as China’s resident consumption structure and consumption levels changed, and industrial structure requirements were adjusted according to market economic laws, China’s sugar industry began to be introduced to the market. From the end of 1991, the State Council decided to liberalize the sugar business, change the original unified purchase underwriting to industrial self-sale, encourage production and sales to meet directly, implement multi-channel and less-linked operations, start the price adjustment of sugar prices as the guide price, and start the sugar industry in China. The market has undergone a severe challenge. Due to the market’s inadequacies, the consolidation of the old system, and the multiple mismatches in circulation, once they have entered the market, the “sea” has slammed a few “seawater.”