单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎(HSK)是单眼致盲的首要感染因素,临床常用检查方式仅限于大体观察.活体共焦显微镜(IVCM)实现从细胞水平观察HSK活体角膜组织结构的细微变化,不仅为HSK的病理机制研究提供了进一步的临床证据,也为其临床预防、诊断、治疗、随访HSK提供了一种新的方法.回顾近年来应用IVCM对HSK进行临床观察获得的重要研究结果,就IVCM下HSK角膜各层结构的形态学改变、其特异性及IVCM在HSK诊治中应用的最新进展进行综述.“,”Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is the first inflammatory cause for uniocular blindness.The clinical inspection methods commonly used are limited to general observation,while in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) can provide details of cellular changes in an intravital HSK.IVCM not only gives more clinical evidence for pathology studying of HSK,but also serves as a new technology for the whole progress of HSK epidemiology.This article reviewed current researches of applying IVCM for HSK clinical observation and summarized these latest results.Morphological changes of each layer of the cornea,the specificity of these changes and clinical application of IVCM had been discussed in this article.