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Al-Li合金具有密度低、比强度高等优点,是实现飞行器结构减重的理想材料,在航天航空领域显示出了广阔的应用前景。先进的电加热成形技术是提高轻质合金成形性能的有效手段。通过高温拉伸实验研究了5A90 Al-Li合金的成形性能,确定了5A90 Al-Li合金的最佳成形温度为340℃。通过电流自阻加热升温实验,得到了加热5A90 Al-Li合金板材合适的电流密度为10 A·mm~(-2)。针对5A90 Al-Li合金室温成形性能差的问题,设计并制造了5A90 Al-Li合金桁条电流自阻加热成形装置,在此装置上进行了5A90 Al-Li合金桁条的电加热成形实验,得到了符合要求的桁条零件,并分析了温度、润滑条件等对成形质量的影响。这种新型的板材电流自阻加热成形工艺及装备具有较大的实际应用价值。
Al-Li alloy has the advantages of low density and high specific strength. It is an ideal material for weight reduction of aircraft structures and has shown broad application prospects in the field of aerospace. Advanced electric heating forming technology is to improve the light alloy forming an effective means. The forming properties of 5A90 Al-Li alloy were studied by high temperature tensile test. The optimum forming temperature of 5A90 Al-Li alloy was 340 ℃. The current density of 5A90 Al-Li alloy sheet was 10 A · mm ~ (-2) by heating current self-resistance heating test. Aiming at the poor room-temperature forming property of 5A90 Al-Li alloy, 5A90 Al-Li alloy beam current self-resistance heating forming device was designed and manufactured. The electric heating forming experiment of 5A90 Al-Li alloy beam was carried out on this device, The qualified stringer parts were obtained, and the influence of temperature and lubrication conditions on the forming quality was analyzed. This new type of plate current self-resistance heating forming process and equipment has a greater practical value.