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在海洋地震勘探中,鬼波不仅对一次反射波的波形产生干涉现象,而且使地震记录的频带变窄.虽然近几年发展起来的斜缆、上下缆地震采集系统和相应的鬼波压制方法已取得较好的效果.然而对于老数据的重处理以及目前依然广泛采用的水平缆,需要一种更适合的鬼波压制方法.本文开展了τ-p域压制水平缆鬼波的方法研究.首先,本文分析了水平缆数据鬼波特征,推导了时间域和τ-p域的鬼波延时估算公式,在τ-p域内构建了上、下行波的算子,提出了基于τ-p域平面波分解的水平缆鬼波压制算法,并通过引入Cauchy范数能量约束算子提高算法的稳定性.应用数值模型及海上实际地震数据进行了检波点端的鬼波压制试验.结果表明,该方法在不需要射线垂直入射的假设和介质速度模型的前提下,能有效分离出一次反射波,并拓宽地震数据的有效频带.
In marine seismic exploration, ghost waves not only interfere with the waveforms of a reflected wave, but also narrow the frequency band of seismic records.Although the sway cables, the cable acquisition system and the corresponding ghost suppression methods have been developed in recent years, Has achieved good results.However, for the reprocessing of old data and the horizontal cable which is still widely used, a more suitable ghost suppression method is needed.This paper carried out a research on the method of suppressing the gimbal wave in the τ-p domain. Firstly, this paper analyzes the characteristics of ghost wave in horizontal cable data, deduces the estimation formula of ghost wave delay in time domain and τ-p domain, constructs the operator of up and down wave in τ-p domain, And the stability of the algorithm is improved by introducing the Cauchy norm energy constraint operator.The ghost suppression test at the detection point is carried out by using the numerical model and the actual marine seismic data.The results show that this method Under the premise of no assumption of vertical incidence of radiation and medium velocity model, the primary reflection wave can be effectively separated and the effective frequency band of seismic data can be broadened.