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关于改革以来中国地区间的不平等是加剧了还是减缓了的问题，学术界争论不休。本文用１９８５－１９９１年间县级有关资料，分析了农业与非农业发展对区域间不平等的影响。分析表明：中国县域间非农业发展较之农业发展更显不平衡。因在农村总产值中非农业份额日益增长，导致农村基尼系数不断上升。分析发现，农业增长呈现绝对趋同的趋势，而非农业增长则呈发散趋势。非农业部门的发散趋势可由其对城市经济的依托和对人力资本的依赖得到解释。在农村就业不足的推动下，非农业与农业显示互利作用，因此，农业不平等与非农业不平等互相强化
As to whether the inequality between China’s regions has intensified or slowed down since the reform, there has been endless debate among academics. Based on county-level data from 1985 to 1991, this paper analyzes the impact of agriculture and non-agricultural development on regional inequality. The analysis shows that non-agricultural development among counties in China is more imbalanced than that of agriculture. Due to the growing share of non-agricultural output in rural areas, the Gini coefficient in rural areas has been on the rise. The analysis found that there was a trend of absolute convergence in agricultural growth, while that of non-agricultural growth tended to diverge. The diverging trend in the non-agricultural sector can be explained by its reliance on urban economy and its dependence on human capital. Non-agriculture and agriculture show mutually beneficial effects, driven by inadequate employment in rural areas, and as a result, agricultural inequalities and non-agricultural inequalities reinforce each other