>35% 5-junction space solar cells based on the direct bonding technique

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Multijunction solar cells are the highest efficiency photovoltaic devices yet demonstrated for both space and terrestri-al applications.In recent years five-junction cells based on the direct semiconductor bonding technique (SBT),demonstrates space efficiencies >35% and presents application potentials.In this paper,the major challenges for fabricating SBT 5J cells and their appropriate strategies involving structure tunning,band engineering and material tailoring are stated,and 4-cm235.4%(AM0,one sun) 5J SBT cells are presented.Further efforts on detailed optical managements are required to improve the cur-rent generating and matching in subcells,to achieve efficiencies 36%-37%,or above.
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