南方少数民族妇女,在婚前、婚后都不落夫家,并且在寡居期间均有着广泛的社交活动及性选择的自由。婚后这种自由虽然受到某种限制,但仍然基本上处于与男子平等的地位。此种历史文化现象,仅仅用“母系社会残余”来解释,至少是很不够的。文章运用历史资料和民族志材料,对此种现象进行了论述,进而探索两性在不同文化环境中的地位与行为差别。 Southern ethnic minority women, before marriage, after marriage are not husband’s family, and during their widowhood have a wide range of social activities and freedom of choice. Although some restrictions on such freedom after marriage, but still basically in the same position with men. This kind of historical and cultural phenomenon is only explained by “remnants of matriarchal society”, at least not enough. Using historical data and ethnographic materials, this article discusses the phenomenon and then explores the differences in the status and behavior between the two sexes in different cultural environments.