内蒙古开鲁是国家食物与营养监测项目的一个较贫困农村监测点。按照国家项目组的要求,我们于1998年5月对开鲁县445名6岁以下儿童及其住户进行了现场监测,内容包括:6岁以下儿童身高、体重和与儿童生长发育相关因素的问卷调查。调查结果显示,开鲁县儿童生长迟缓率(身高不足)为12.58％,低体重率为5.17％,调查前两周儿童呼吸系统疾病的患病率为20.90％,腹泻患病率为7.64％;两岁以下儿童的辅食添加率分别为:谷类71.74％,乳类41.83％,蔬菜水果类63.77％,蛋禽鱼类61.59％。与1998年全国监测结果比较,开鲁县6岁以下儿童的生长发育状况好于全国同类地区平均水平,儿童腹泻患病率和呼吸系统疾病患病率低于全国同类地区患病率,2岁以下儿童四类辅食添加率高于全国同类地区平均水平。 Kailu, Inner Mongolia, is a poorer rural monitoring point for the national food and nutrition monitoring project. In May 1998, we conducted on-site monitoring of 445 children under 6 years of age and their tenants in Kailau County in accordance with the requirements of the national project team, including: children under 6 years of age height, weight and questionnaire related to children’s growth and development survey. The survey results showed that the rate of children with growth retardation (underweight) was 12.58% and the rate of low weight was 5.17% in Kailu County. The prevalence of respiratory diseases was 20.90% and the rate of diarrhea was 7.64% in the two weeks before the survey. The rate of complementary feeding of children under two years of age was 71.74% for cereals, 41.83% for dairy products, 63.77% for fruits and vegetables, and 61.59% for egg-poultry fish. Compared with the results of the national monitoring in 1998, the growth and development of children under 6 years of age in Kaileu County is better than that of similar regions in China. The prevalence of diarrhea and respiratory diseases in children is lower than the prevalence of similar regions in China and 2 years The following four types of children’s food supplement rate higher than the national average of similar regions.