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以国产某小车车门为研究对象,建立车门有限元模型,对车门进行垂直、侧向刚度分析,并进行自由模态分析和模态试验,验证模型的有效性。计算各部件对车门刚度和一阶模态的灵敏度,确定敏感区域。基于灵敏度分析方法,以车门质量最小为目标函数,在保证车门刚度和一阶模态频率不降低的前提下,结合尺寸优化设计方法优化车门各部件厚度。优化结果表明,车门下沉刚度提高了12.03%,水平刚度提高了1.04%,一阶模态频率提高了0.2 Hz,车门的总质量下降了4.74%,达到了良好的轻量化效果。
Taking a domestic car door as the research object, the door finite element model is established, the vertical and lateral stiffness analysis of the door is carried out, and the free modal analysis and modal test are conducted to verify the validity of the model. Calculate the sensitivity of each component to the door stiffness and first-order modalities to determine the sensitive area. Based on the method of sensitivity analysis, taking the minimum door mass as the objective function, the thickness of each component of the door is optimized with the optimization of the dimension of the door under the premise of not decreasing the door stiffness and the first-order modal frequency. The optimization results show that the stiffness of the door sinking is increased by 12.03%, the horizontal stiffness is increased by 1.04%, the first-order modal frequency is increased by 0.2 Hz, the total mass of the door is decreased by 4.74%, and a good lightweighting effect is achieved.