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[目的]评价农药对水生生物的毒理效应。[方法]采用静水法研究烯草酮、氯氰菊酯和2-4D丁酯对中华摇蚊(Chironomus sinicus)幼虫的急性毒性效应。分别设定不同浓度梯度进行急性暴露试验,于48 h时测定摇蚊幼虫组织匀浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性。[结果]在氯氰菊酯和2-4D丁酯处理摇蚊幼虫后12 h后,不同浓度间的存活率无显著差异,在48 h时随着农药浓度的增加,存活率下降。烯草酮、氯氰菊酯和2-4D丁酯对中华摇蚊幼虫48 h的LC50分别为1.842、0.150和1.999 mg/L,氯氰菊酯对中华摇蚊幼虫的毒性最高,其次为烯草酮,2-4D丁酯毒性最低。烯草酮对中华摇蚊幼虫组织SOD含量有明显影响,表现出剂量-效应关系;2-4D丁酯对组织SOD含量有明显影响,但未表现出剂量-效应关系;而氯氰菊酯对组织SOD含量则无明显影响。[结论]该研究为水体污染监测和水环境中农药的残留提供理论依据。
[Objective] To evaluate the toxicological effects of pesticides on aquatic organisms. [Method] The acute toxicity effect of clethrin, cypermethrin and 2-4D butyl ester on Chironomus sinicus larvae was studied by the method of still water. Different concentration gradients were set separately for acute exposure test. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in tissue homogenates of chironomid larvae was determined at 48 h. [Result] The results showed that there was no significant difference in survival rate between 12 weeks after treatment of cyathrin and 2-4D butyl chlorella larvae. After 48 hours, the survival rate decreased with the increase of pesticide concentration. The LC50 values of algluracone, cypermethrin and 2-4D butyl for 48 h were respectively 1.842, 0.150 and 1.999 mg / L. Cypermethrin had the highest toxicity to chironomid larvae, followed by clethodim, 2-4D Butyl ester has the lowest toxicity. Clethodim could significantly affect the SOD content of chironomid larvae, showing a dose-effect relationship; 2-4D butyl ester had a significant effect on the content of SOD, but did not show a dose-response relationship; and cypermethrin had no effect on SOD content Then no significant effect. [Conclusion] The study provided a theoretical basis for water pollution monitoring and pesticide residue in water environment.