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本文作者通过对铁路轻油罐车接卸中的汽化阻碍问题的调研,指出该问题的设计理论与实际相比是有偏差的。文章从油品的汽化特点和汽化阻碍的形成条件对理论与实际的偏差进行机理上的分析和解释,进而对设计理论提出修正意见。夏天气温高,汽油的蒸汽压也高,在接卸铁路汽油罐车的过程中常因油品汽化而在管路中发生汽阻或在离心泵中发生汽蚀,使卸油中断。汽化阻碍——汽阻和汽蚀一直是油库技术上的一大难题,至今还没有一个妥善的解决办法。防止汽油罐车接卸系统的汽化阻碍是工艺设计中的一个重要问题。油库工艺设计方面的教科书、设计手册和技术资料都有关于这一问题的设计理论的论述。按理说,根据有关的设计理论经过精心设计的卸油系统是不应该发生汽阻和汽蚀的。但事实却不然,根据我们对分布于我国南北的七个城市油库的调查,汽阻和汽蚀问题相当普遍。设计理论的正确与否应由实践来检验。本文就这一问题提出几点看法。
The author of this article through the investigation of the vaporization obstruction in the loading and unloading of the railway light tanker truck, points out that the design theory of the problem is biased compared with the actual situation. The article analyzes and explains the theoretical and practical deviations from the vaporization characteristics of oil products and the formation conditions of vaporizer hindering, and then puts forward some amendments to the design theory. In summer, the steam temperature is high and the vapor pressure of gasoline is also high. During the process of receiving and unloading railway gasoline tankers, vapor resistance often occurs in the pipeline due to gasification of the oil or cavitation occurs in the centrifugal pump, so that the unloading is interrupted. Vaporization hinder - vapor resistance and cavitation have always been a major technical problem in oil depots, so far there is no proper solution. Preventing vaporization obstruction of gasoline tanker handling system is an important issue in process design. Textbook, design manuals and technical material in the design of oil depots have a discussion of design theory on this issue. Logically speaking, according to the design theory of the well-designed unloading system should not occur vapor resistance and cavitation. However, the fact is not the case. According to our investigation of seven urban oil depots distributed in north and south of our country, the problems of vapor resistance and cavitation are quite common. The correctness of the design theory should be tested by practice. This article made a few comments on this issue.