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满文的创制是我国满族发展史上、也是人类文明史上的一件大事。金代,女真人参照汉字创制了女真文,但随着金王朝的衰落。至明末,女真人已经完全丢弃了女真文字。努尔哈赤兴起之后,女真人讲女真语,写蒙古文,随着军事形势的飞速发展,这种语言与文字的矛盾已经不能满足女真社会发展的需要。于是努尔哈赤命噶盖和额尔德尼创制满文。这种草创的满文仿照蒙古文字母,根据满洲语言特点,没有加圈点,后人称之为“无圈点满文”或“老满文”。老满文在女真地区推行33年,发挥了巨大的作用。但它很不完善,亟需改进。天聪年间,皇太极命达海和库尔缠对其加以改进。经过改进的满文称为“有圈点满文”或“新满文”,较老满文更为完备。总之,满文的创制促进了满洲共同体的形成,加速了满洲社会的封建化。满族人用自己的文字进行思想交流,书写公文,编写历史,翻译典籍,保存了大量的民族遗产,也丰富了世界民族文化的宝库。
Manchu creation is the history of the development of Manchu in China, but also a major event in the history of human civilization. The Jin Dynasty and the Nuzhen people created the true girl language according to the Chinese characters, but with the decline of the Jin dynasty. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, Jurchen had completely abandoned the Jurchen language. After the rise of Nurhachu, Nuzhen people speak Jurchen language and write Mongolian language. With the rapid development of the military situation, this contradiction between language and writing can no longer meet the needs of social development of Jurchen. So Nuerhachi life Kagai and Erdene create Manchu. This grass-rooted Manchu imitated the Mongolian alphabet. According to Manchu language features, there were no punctuated points. Descendants called it “no circle of Manchu” or “old Manchu.” Old Manchu in the Jurchen region for 33 years, played a huge role. But it is imperfect and in urgent need of improvement. Tiancong years, Huang Taiji extremely life and Coulthard wrapped to improve it. The improved Manchurian is called “Manchu Manchu” or “Manchu Manchu”, and the Manchu Manchu is more complete. In short, the creation of Manchu promoted the formation of Manchuria community and accelerated the feudalization of Manchurian society. Manchu people used their own words to exchange ideas, write official documents, write history, translate classics, save a large number of national heritage, and also enriched the treasure house of the world’s national culture.